The prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among older adults in Ghana

Dai, Baozhen; Addai-Dansoh, Stephen; Nutakor, Jonathan Aseye; Osei-Kwakye, Jeremiah; Larnyo, Ebenezer; Oppong, Stephen; Boahemaa, Priscilla Yeboah; Arboh, Francisca

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.990616

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This section presents descriptive statistics of the variables in the data and then performed bivariate analysis of hypertension and each of the categorical risk factors using the χ ² test 18 , 19 , 20 of association. In this study, we used the logistic model 16 , 17 to estimate the likelihood of BMI (bmi), diabetes (DM), and hypertension (HTNhis) history in predicting current hypertension (HTN) after adjusting for other risk factors.…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Afrifa et al 18 evaluated the levels of BP and investigated their associations with physical activity (PA) and BMI among urban poor youth in Accra, Ghana, where a multiple linear regression model was used to identify the factors that influenced BP levels. Conversely, Dai et al 19 investigated the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among older adults in Ghana, utilizing cross‐sectional data from the WHO SAGE, Wave 1, where a logistic regression model was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross‐sectional study

Iddrisu,

Adam

2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsThis study aimed to understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI), diabetes and hypertension history, and other risk of hypertension among Ghanaians.MethodsThe BMI data are categorized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. The data were obtained from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO SAGE) Ghana Wave 2. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the association between these variables and hypertension was assessed using the χ². Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between hypertension and different BMI levels and other variables.ResultsObesity class II individuals have about a 4‐fold higher risk of developing hypertension compared to underweight individuals. Obesity class III, class I, and preobesity individuals have approximately a 3‐fold higher risk. Normal weight is associated with increased hypertension risk. Both males and females show a significant increase in hypertension risk across all BMI categories. History of hypertension is linked to a 2.2‐fold increased risk. Diabetes history is associated with hypertension when considering other factors. Elevated hypertension risk is observed among married, divorced, and widowed males then never married males. Only widowed females showed an increased risk. Older age significantly increases hypertension risk, particularly in females. Vegetable servings reduce hypertension risk, while fruit servings are associated with an increased risk. Vigorous exercise increases hypertension risk, particularly in females.ConclusionRegular check‐ups are recommended for married, divorced, and widowed males, focusing on blood pressure (BP) levels. Regular exercise from young age helps lower BP in later years. Individuals with a history of hypertension should follow BP control measures. Encouraging the consumption of the right combination of vegetables and fruits can help lower BP. Female tobacco smoking should be strongly discouraged due to a 54% increased risk of developing hypertension.

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Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross‐sectional study

Iddrisu,

Adam

2023

Health Science Reports

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“…In addition, GH is 1.63 times more prevalent in women aged forty to forty-four than in their counterparts between the ages of twenty-five and twenty-nine [9]. [18,19] explains that reduced nitric oxide NO and high levels of reactive oxygen species are a sign of aging, and this has an adverse effect on endothelium relaxation. The resultant effect of these factors can lead to gestational hypertension in older mothers due to an increase in cardiac output during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no relationship between gestational hypertension and maternal age. However, [19] show that the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy increases gradually with age in pregnant women who are over 35 years. The risks of preeclampsia and eclampsia increase in teenage pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between ABO blood group and gestational hypertensive disorder among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria

Ahamed Ibrahim Salihu,

Lateef Ariyo Adeniran,

Damilare Matthew Oladimeji

et al. 2023

Magna Sci. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Gestational hypertensive disorder (GHD) is among the major health problems in pregnant women. In this study, we assessed the relationship between gestational hypertensive disorder and ABO blood groups among women who attended the antenatal clinic at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Correlational study design was used on a total of 138 patients with sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data such as blood group, gestational hypertensive disorder status, maternal age at pregnancy, and parity were extracted. Descriptive statistics was carried out on the collected data and chi-square test for the test of association or Fisher’s exact where necessary. The maternal age of the women ranged from fifteen to fifty-one years old with a mean age of 30.7 ± 9.8. Clinical information revealed that 17 (12.3%) primigravida and 121 (87.7%) non-primigravida patients. The patients’ distribution by blood group revealed that 33 (23.9%), 32 (23.2%), 47 (34.1%) and 26 (18.8%) belonged to blood group A, B, AB, and O respectively. Our results showed a relationship between blood pressure and the ABO blood group but not significant with χ2 = 12.31 and p = 0.421 with blood pressure of 150/100–154/104 mmHg ranked highest in frequency among all the blood groups. Also, we observed a non- significant relationship between maternal age and the occurrence of GHD at χ2 =19.81 and p = 0.229 which implies that GHD is not associated with age but that blood pressure increases with gestational age. Interestingly, a significant relationship exists between gestational hypertension and parity at χ2 = 26.71 and p = 0.045. Blood group AB was more susceptible to gestational hypertensive disorder whereas blood groups O, A and B were less susceptible to it. We recommend increased awareness of GHD among pregnant women, all health workers, and the general public about its danger to pregnant mothers and fetuses.

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“…Nearly half of persons identified with hypertension have end organ damage suggesting that these persons have had long-standing disease without appropriate treatment (6). Risk factors such as low fruit and vegetable intake, low levels of physical activity, overweight/obesity, high blood pressure and raised cholesterol levels have been reported in Ghana (7)(8)(9). Some of these risk factors manifest as primordial risk conditions for hypertension and diabetes whilst cumulatively act as risk factors for target organ damage such as chronic kidney disease, heart diseases and stroke (7,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ghana heart initiative – a health system strengthening approach as index intervention model to solving Ghana’s cardiovascular disease burden

Doku,

Tetteh,

Edzeame

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with 80% of these deaths occurring in low-middle income countries (LMICs). In Ghana and across Africa, CVDs have emerged as the leading causes of death primarily due to undetected and under treated hypertension, yet less than 5% of resources allocated to health in these resource-poor countries go into non-communicable diseases (NCD) including CVD prevention and management. Consequently, most countries in Africa do not have contextually appropriate and sustainable health system framework to prevent, detect and manage CVD to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in CVD care through improved Primary Health Care (PHC) with the aim of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in CVD/NCD. In view of this, the Ghana Heart Initiative (GHI) was envisaged as a national strategy to address the identified gaps using a health system and a population-based approach to reduce the national burden of CVDs. The GHI intervention includes the development of guidelines and training manuals; training, equipment support, establishment of a national call/support center, and improvement in the national data capturing system for CVDs and NCD, management of Hypertension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Heart Failure (HF). Following the implementation of the GHI concept, a national CVD Management Guideline was developed and 300-health facilities across the different levels of care including one teaching hospital, was also supported with basic life-saving equipment. In addition, more than 1,500 healthcare workers also reported improvement in their knowledge and skills in the management and treatment of CVD-related cases in their health facilities. These are key contributions to strengthening the health system for CVD care and learning lessons for scale up.

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The prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among older adults in Ghana

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross‐sectional study

Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross‐sectional study

Correlation between ABO blood group and gestational hypertensive disorder among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria

The Ghana heart initiative – a health system strengthening approach as index intervention model to solving Ghana’s cardiovascular disease burden

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