The Prevalence of <i>Cryptocaryon irritans</i> in wild marine ornamental fish from Vietnam

Van, Kim Van; Nhinh, Doan Thi

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/137/1/012094

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cryptocaryon irritans , a common protozoan parasite of marine teleost fish, causes “white spot” disease [ 1 ]. This disease is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical sea areas [ 2 – 4 ]. Its life cycle includes four stages: trophont, protomont, tomont, and theront [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont

et al. 2023

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Background Cryptocaryon irritans, a common parasite in tropical and subtropical marine teleost fish, has caused serious harm to the marine aquaculture industry. Honokiol was proven to induce C. irritans tomont cytoplasm shrinkage and death in our previous study, but the mechanism by which it works remains unknown. Methods In this study, the changes of apoptotic morphology and apoptotic ratio were detected by microscopic observation and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. The effects of honokiol on intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), quantity of DNA fragmentations (QDF) and caspase activities were detected by Fluo-3 staining, JC-1 staining, DCFH-DA staining, Tunel method and caspase activity assay kit. The effects of honokiol on mRNA expression levels of 61 apoptosis-related genes in tomonts of C. irritans were detected by real-time PCR. Results The results of the study on the effects of honokiol concentration on C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death showed that the highest levels of prophase apoptosis-like death rate (PADR), [Ca2+]i concentration, ROS, the activities of caspase-3/9 and the lowest necrosis ratio (NER) were obtained at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, which was considered the most suitable for inducing C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death. When C. irritans tomonts were treated with 1 μg/ml honokiol, the [Ca2+]i concentration began to increase significantly at 1 h. Following this, the ROS, QDF and activities of caspase-3/9 began to increase significantly, and the ΔΨm began to decrease significantly at 2 h; the highest PADR was obtained at 4 h. The mRNA expression of 14 genes was significantly upregulated during honokiol treatment. Of these genes, itpr2, capn1, mc, actg1, actb, parp2, traf2 and fos were enriched in the pathway related to apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Conclusions This article shows that honokiol can induce C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death. These results suggest that honokiol may disrupt [Ca2+]i homeostasis in ER and then induce C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death by caspase cascade or mitochondrial pathway, which might represent a novel therapeutic intervention for C. irritans infection. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont

et al. 2023

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“…This ciliate parasite is responsible for cryptocaryonosis (marine white spot disease), an important disease of ornamental, wild, and food fish. Cryptocaryonosis is a significant problem in commercial mariculture, particularly due the nature of aquaculture set ups where the high fish density, parasites, and high organic matter interact [13]. Cryptocaryon irritans severely impairs the skin and gill function of a wide range of marine farmed fish such as orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), barramundi (Lates calcarifer), pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), and golden snapper (Lutianus johni) [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, ddPCR has also been applied to quantify water and foodborne noroviruses concentrations from water samples [26]. In the case of C. irritans infections, only the trophont or "feeding" stage is the most observable on fish [13]. However, the characteristic white spots may not always be obvious to farmers before mass mortalities are observed [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Droplet PCR-Based Environmental DNA Tool for Monitoring Cryptocaryon irritans in a Marine Fish Farm from Hong Kong

et al. 2021

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The adoption of new investigative strategies based on environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to monitor parasites, associated bacterial microbiomes, and physical-chemical parameters in fish farms. In this study, we used the economically important and globally distributed fish ciliate parasite Cryptocaryon irritans as a model to understand the parasite abundance and potential drivers of its presence in marine fish farms. Environmental (rainfall) and physical-chemical (temperature, oxygen, salinity, pH) data collected from a marine fish farm in Hong Kong were analyzed together with the eDNA approach targeting C. irritans abundance based on digital droplet PCR and 16S metagenomics to determine associations and triggers between parasites and specific bacterial groups. Rainfall and temperature demonstrated positive associations with high abundance of C. irritans (eDNA) at the studied marine fish cage farm. However, rainfall was the only parameter tested that demonstrated a significant association with parasite eDNA, indicating that the raining season is a risky period for fish farmers in Hong Kong. Coraliomargarita was the bacterial genus with the most significant relationship with low abundance of C. irritans in water. Understanding the environmental triggers of ciliate parasites propagation and associated bacterial microbiome could elucidate new insights into environmental control, microbial management, and promote the reduction of chemical use in marine fish farms.

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“…Palavras-chave: Peixe ornamental importado, saúde aquática, doença parasitária, Seachem Cupramine  ,tratamento. marine fish, although some species are more susceptible than others (LIPTON, 1993;CHI et al, 2017;MO et al, 2017;JIANG et al, 2018;VAN & NHINH, 2018;YIN et al, 2018). Fish infected with Cryptocaryon spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies of Van & Nhinh (2018) showed that the prevalence of C. irritans vary widely with the fish host and captured seasons. Some species like Chaetodon adiergastos, Paracanthurus hepatus, Amphiprion frenatus, Diodon holocanthus, Platax teira sp., Pterois volitans, Plectorhinchus vittatus, Siganus guttatus and Pygoplites diacanthus are very susceptible to the parasite infection (up to 70%) while others like Rhinecanthus aculeatus, Zebrasoma veliferum and Zanclus cornutus are infected at a much lower rate (less than 50% infected).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptocaryon irritans, a ciliate parasite of an ornamental reef fish yellowtail tang Zebrasoma xanthurum

Cardoso

Soares

Martins

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan of wild and cultured marine fish. It causes white spot disease, and infections with this pathogen can cause significant losses for aquarists and commercial marine cultures worldwide. This study reports the occurrence of C. irritans parasitizing the ornamental reef fish, yellowtail tang, Zebrasoma xanthurum. Six days after being introduced to a new environment, 11 yellowtail tangs had white spots scattered across their bodies and fins. Suspicion of infection with C. irritans was evaluated by scraping the skin to confirm clinical diagnosis. After confirmation, the yellowtail tangs were transferred to a hospital aquarium and treated with the therapeutic agent Seachem Cupramine® for 15 days. During the treatment period, the copper concentration was monitored daily. At the end of the treatment, none of the yellowtail tangs showed clinical signs of white spots on their bodies, and skin scraping confirmed the yellowtail tangs were no longer infected. Subsequently, the yellowtail tangs were released for sale.

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The Prevalence of Cryptocaryon irritans in wild marine ornamental fish from Vietnam

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont

Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont

Digital Droplet PCR-Based Environmental DNA Tool for Monitoring Cryptocaryon irritans in a Marine Fish Farm from Hong Kong

Cryptocaryon irritans, a ciliate parasite of an ornamental reef fish yellowtail tang Zebrasoma xanthurum

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