The prevalence of<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>and the demography of dog populations after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model

Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Kravetz, Fernando O.; Petersen, Rosario M.; Lauricella, Marta A.; Wisnivesky‐Colli, Cristina

doi:10.1080/00034983.1990.11812475

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The evidence here provided gives further support to the use of dogs as natural sentinels of domestic and peridomestic transmission of T. cruzi (Gamboa, 1967;Gürtler et al, 1990;Castañera et al, 1998;Cardinal et al 2006a). Several studies are showing that infected dogs constitute a major domestic reservoir of T. cruzi and a risk factor for domestic transmission throughout Latin America (Gürtler et al, 2005Crisante et al, 2006;Estrada-Franco et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2007

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The relative impact of two community-based vector control strategies on house infestation by Triatoma infestans and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in bugs, domestic dogs and cats was assessed in two neighboring rural areas comprising 40 small villages and 323 houses in one of the regions most endemic for Chagas disease in northern Argentina. The prevalence and abundance of domestic infestation were 1.5-and 6.5-fold higher, respectively, in the area under pulsed, non-supervised control actions operating under the guidelines of the National Vector Control Program (NCVP) than in the area under sustained, supervised surveillance carried out jointly by the UBA research team and NCVP. The prevalence of infestation and infection varied widely among village groups within each area. In the pulsed control area, the prevalence of infection in bugs, dogs and cats was two-to three-fold higher than in the area under sustained surveillance, most of the infected animals qualified as autochthonous cases, and evidence of recent transmission was observed. Infection was highly aggregated at the household level and fell close to the 80/20 rule. Using multiple logistic regression analysis clustered by household, infection in dogs was associated positively and significantly with variables reflecting local exposure to infected T. infestans, thus demonstrating weak performance of the vector surveillance system. For high-risk areas in the Gran Chaco region, interruption of vectormediated domestic transmission of T. cruzi requires residual insecticide spraying that is more intense, of a higher quality and sustained in time, combined with community participation and environmental management measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2007

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“…Further, serological evidence of T. cruzi infection was found in 6 (2.5%) of 237 residents and in 6 (60%) of 10 dogs from the vicinity of the patient in California (36), and the case in Tennessee was associated with serological evidence of T. cruzi infection in a domestic canine owned by the patient's family, as well as the finding of an infected reduviid insect within the household (23). Dogs are considered important reservoirs for the transmission of T. cruzi in Latin American countries and in some areas of the United States (7,20,21,35,43) and serve as natural surveillance sentinels in areas of Latin America where vector control campaigns have been conducted (14,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Combined Use of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Flow Cytometry To Detect Antibodies toTrypanosoma cruziin Domestic Canines in Texas

Shadomy

Waring

Chappell

2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Canines may be sentinels and/or reservoirs for human Trypanosoma cruzi exposures. This study adapted a method originally designed for human diagnostics to detect serum immunoglobulin G to T. cruzi in canines. The method combined an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening and flow cytometry detection of anti-live trypomastigote antibodies (ALTA) for confirmation. The assays were optimized by using known positive and negative control canine sera, and cutoff values were established. The ELISA and ALTA assay easily distinguished between reactive (positive controls) and nonreactive (negative controls) sera and were used to test sera collected in a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of 356 domestic canines from Harris County, Tex., and the surrounding area. Fifty-three (14.9%) of 356 asymptomatic canines in the survey were positive by ELISA, and 5 (1.4%) were confirmed positive with the ALTA assay, with an additional 4 (1.1%) canines classified as "suspect positive." Thus, the overall prevalence of T. cruzi antibodies in this population was 2.6%. This is the first U.S. study to use the combination of ELISA and ALTA to detect serum antibodies to T. cruzi and the first report of the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in domestic canines in the Houston, Tex. (Harris County), region. Our results demonstrate that the combination of ELISA and ALTA has been successfully adapted for use in testing canines for serological evidence of T. cruzi infection. Seroprevalence survey results suggest that T. cruzi antibody-positive domestic canines in the peridomestic setting are present in the Houston, Tex., region and further suggest that T. cruzi is enzootic in the region.

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“…Using a theoretical model for a vector-borne pathogen that induces very little disease-specific mortality relative to the disease-free mortality rate in dogs , the R o of T. cruzi in dogs can be estimated as R o =1+L/A, where L is the mean life expectancy of a dog and A is the average time for a dog to acquire infection. Using L=43 months (taken from Gürtler et al 1990) and a conservative average estimate of A=6 months (suggested by 3 early or late summer age-prevalence curves in the Amamá area in the absence of control actions and the follow-up of newborn dogs in the current study), R o is estimated to be 8·2 under the homogeneous mixing assumption. Therefore, the mean yearly coverage of a 100% effective control intervention (such as vaccination, culling, or application of dog collars) to ensure the elimination of T. cruzi can be estimated [from 100 (1-1/R o )] to be 88%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic dogs and cats as sources ofTrypanosoma cruziinfection in rural northwestern Argentina

et al. 2006

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SUMMARYThe reservoir capacity of domestic cats and dogs for Trypanosoma cruzi infection and the hostfeeding patterns of domestic Triatoma infestans were assessed longitudinally in 2 infested rural villages in north-western Argentina. A total of 86 dogs and 38 cats was repeatedly examined for T. cruzi infection by serology and/or xenodiagnosis. The composite prevalence of infection in dogs (60%), but not in cats, increased significantly with age and with the domiciliary density of infected T. infestans. Dogs and cats had similarly high forces of infection, prevalence of infectious hosts (41-42%), and infectiousness to bugs at a wide range of infected bug densities. The infectiousness to bugs of seropositive dogs declined significantly with increasing dog age and was highly aggregated. Individual dog infectiousness to bugs was significantly autocorrelated over time. Domestic T. infestans fed on dogs showed higher infection prevalence (49%) than those fed on cats (39%), humans (38%) or chickens (29%) among 1085 bugs examined. The basic reproduction number of T. cruzi in dogs was at least 8·2. Both cats and dogs are epidemiologically important sources of infection for bugs and householders, dogs nearly 3 times more than cats.

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The prevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziand the demography of dog populations after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco

Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco

Combined Use of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Flow Cytometry To Detect Antibodies toTrypanosoma cruziin Domestic Canines in Texas

Domestic dogs and cats as sources ofTrypanosoma cruziinfection in rural northwestern Argentina

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