The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

Zhuo, Deyi; Chen, Si; Ren, Xiaotong; Wang, Bingsong; Liu, Linbo; Xiao, Lin

doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01749-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The result of our study was in line with the study conducted by Oshima et al who reported that epiblepharon was more prevalent in Japanese boys than in girls [26]. A cross-sectional study conducted by Zhou et al also showed that young boys had a higher risk of developing epiblepharon than young girls among Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study

Wang

Lai

Kuo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Obesity has been regarded as a risk factor for several ocular diseases. This study aims to investigate the age- and sex-specific relationship between epiblepharon and obesity in children. A retrospective case–control study was conducted using the Chang Gung Research Database. Children ≤ 18 years of age with epiblepharon were identified from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2019. Children were classified into three groups: normal, overweight and obese groups. A total of 513 patients and 1026 controls (57.7% males) aged 1 to 18 matched by sex and age were included in the analysis. The median body mass index (BMI) of children with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that of children without epiblepharon (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, among boys aged 4 to 9 years, the BMI in boys with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in boys without epiblepharon (p < 0.05) and the risk of epiblepahron in overweight/obese boys was significantly higher than in non-overweight boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07–2.82 for age 4 to 6; OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.56–6.03 for age 7 to 9). On the other hand, among girls aged 13 to 18 years, the BMI in adolescent girls with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and overweight/obese girls had a statistically higher risk of persistent epiblepharon than non-overweight girls (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.38–9.97). The association between obesity and epiblepharon varies in strength according to age in a sex-specific manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study

Wang

Lai

Kuo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…(26) A crosssectional study conducted by Zhou et al also showed that young boys had a higher risk of developing epiblepharon than young girls among Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years. (27) Different moderation effects of obesity on epiblepharon were observed in the current study. A higher risk of developing epiblepharon among overweight and obese children was encountered in boys aged 4-9 years (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07-2.82, P = 0.025; OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.56-6.03, P = 0.001), and in girls aged 13-18 years (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.38-9.97, P = 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Sex-specific effect of obesity on epiblepharon in different age groups: a case-control study

Wang

Lai

Kuo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Obesity has been regarded as a risk factor for epiblepharon. This study aims to investigate the age- and sex-specific relationship between epiblepharon and obesity in children.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using Chang Gung Research Database. Children ≤ 18 years of age with epiblepharon were identified from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2019. Children were classified into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight and obese groups.Results: A total of 513 patients and 1026 controls (57.7% of males) aged 1 to 18 matched by sex and age were included in the analysis. The median body mass index (BMI) of children with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that of children without epiblepharon (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, among boys aged 4 to 9 years, the BMI in boys with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in boys without epiblepharon (p < 0.05) and the risk of epiblepahron in overweight and obese boys was significantly higher than in non-overweight boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07-2.82; OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.56-6.03). On the other hand, among girls aged 13 to 18 years, the BMI in adolescent girls with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and overweight and obese girls had statistically higher risk of persistent epiblepharon than non-overweight girls (OR =3.70, 95% CI = 1.38-9.97).Conclusions: The association between obesity and epiblepharon varies in strength according to age in a sex-specific manner.

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“…Recent research shows that Chinese preschool children with lower eyelid epiblepharon have a higher risk of developing astigmatism than those without epiblepharon [ 22 ]. In our study, astigmatism > 1.25 D was found in 87/106 (82.2%) eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal lower eyelid epicanthoplasty combined with thermal contraction to treat epiblepharon in chinese children

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined minimal lower eyelid epicanthoplasty and thermal contraction for epiblepharon repair in Chinese children. Methods Between January 2017 and August 2020, a single surgeon corrected epiblepharon in Chinese children using minimal lower eyelid epicanthoplasty combined with thermal contraction. First, a minimal epicanthoplasty flap to balance the lower eyelid was made cross the lower eyelid epicanthus, which connected with a 20-mm-long incision 1.5 mm below the lower eyelid margin. After removing the hypertrophic orbicularis oculi muscle running between the lower epicanthal fold and the medial canthal tendon, thermal cauterization was applied to increase lower eyelid rotation by creating adhesions between the lower eyelid retractor and tarsus. The residual medial edge was sutured to the corner of the epicanthus to decrease the lower eyelid epicanthus. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months. We retrospectively analyzed cases to determine whether this approach decreased the lower eyelid epicanthal fold to equalize the tension of the lower eyelid. The surgical outcomes including the direction of lower eyelid eyelashes, complications, and refractive errors were evaluated. Results Data from each eye of 53 Chinese children (29 female, 24 males; mean age: 5.3 ± 2.3 years) who had undergone minimal lower eyelid epicanthoplasty combined with thermal contraction were included. During follow-up, recurrence was observed in just one of the 106 eyes (0.94%), and two eyes (1.89%) showed under-correction. No visible scars formed in the postoperative period. All patients’ parents were satisfied with the cosmetic results and had no serious complaints. The mean astigmatism was significantly reduced by the surgery from 1.82 ± 0.45 diopters (D) preoperatively to 1.43 ± 0.36 D postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusion This surgery is easy to design, time-efficient, and is effective in the correction of epiblepharon. The procedure allows surgeons to achieve good appearance and natural eyelid contour without apparent complications.

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The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study

Sex-Specific Effect of Obesity on Epiblepharon in Different Age Groups: A Case-Control Study

Sex-specific effect of obesity on epiblepharon in different age groups: a case-control study

Minimal lower eyelid epicanthoplasty combined with thermal contraction to treat epiblepharon in chinese children

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