The research project was carried out to identify occupational diseases and illnesses affecting rice farmers in Afikpo North local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from the area. A total of two hundred (200) questionnaires were designed and randomly distributed to selected rice farmers. The analytical tools used were frequency and percentage distribution tables. Results obtained showed that 51% of the respondents took ill at one time or the other, the diseases commonly suffered by the respondents are malaria 15.5%, typhoid 12.5%, cough 10%, AIDS 9.5%, hepatitis 8.5%, and yellow fever 8%, cholera and amoebiasis 7.5% respectively, ascariasis 7%, ulcer and diarrhea 5% respectively and hypertension 4%. The most serious diseases were identified as guinea worm infection 30%, followed by diarrhea and yellow fever 8% respectively, cholera 7%, ascariasis 6%, hepatitis 5.5% and amoebiasis 5%. The respondents that usually visit hospitals constituted 24.5%, herbal homes 19%, diagnostic laboratories 18%, self-medication 16%, chemists 11.5% and spiritual homes 11%. The inadequacy of medical services in the study area was also highlighted.