The Prevalence of Mental Illness in California Sex Offenders on Parole: A Comparison of Those Who Recidivated with a New Sex Crime versus Those Who Did Not

Singer, Jennie Kaufman; Maguire, Mary; Hurtz, Gregory M.

doi:10.1080/15564886.2012.747458

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The offenders who recidivated were significantly more likely to have had a mental illness (54 percent compared to 16 percent), but there was no significant difference in recidivism rate between offenders who had mild to moderate mental health concerns and those who had required the enhanced program. Even when controlling for dynamic risk factors, including homelessness, place of residence, and employment, mental illness continued to predict recidivism (Singer et al, 2013). Thus, in this study major mental illness predisposed sexual recidivism, but it did this to about the same degree regardless of severity of mental illness.…”

Section: Background Of the Problemcontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Like the Looman and Abracen ( 2013) study, the main concern here is that the diagnostic composition of the psychiatric history variable is not known and may well have been broader than MMI. Singer et al (2013) examined the effect of mental illness on parole outcomes by comparing sex offenders who completed parole successfully (n ¼ 160) with sex offenders who had been returned to custody after committing at least one additional sex crime (n ¼ 160). They had access to a severity of mental health issues classification used by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation in which offenders are assigned to one of three designations based on their mental health needs.…”

Section: Background Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing risk of sex offenders with major mental illness: integrating research into best practices

Kelley

Thornton

2015

Jnl Aggress Conflict Peace Res

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Purpose – Sex Offenders with a Major Mental Illness (SOMMI) are doubly stigmatized, as these individuals are members of two highly marginalized social groups (Guidry and Saleh, 2004). Within each of these groups SOMMI only represent a small minority. For professionals seeking to base their practice in empirical research this has led to a significant problem since the literature related specifically to this group is both limited and hard to locate. Additionally, intensity of psychological risk factors varies as a function of psychiatric decompensation for some SOMMI making it hard to apply certain procedures that work with ordinary sexual offenders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the relevant literature and recommendations for clinical practice that are responsive to the particular challenges posed by this unusual group of sexual offenders. Design/methodology/approach – The current paper provides a review of literature on risk factors for sexual recidivism and validity of current risk tools as it pertains to SOMMI. Recommendations for risk assessment with SOMMI are provided. Findings – The static actuarial tools appear to be useful with SOMMI. However, risk assessments measuring dynamic risk factors have poorer predictive validity. Additional factors that will need to be considered involve a possible higher recidivism rate for SOMMI and a variable relationship between major mental illness and sex offending with it sometimes predisposing, sometimes exacerbating existing risk factors, and sometimes mitigating risk. Originality/value – There is a paucity of research and guidance in assessment and risk management of SOMMI. The current paper is the first to thoroughly explore the efficacy of current sex offender risk assessment tools with SOMMI and provide structured guidance for making decisions about risk and risk management needs for this challenging population.

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Section: Background Of the Problemcontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Background Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing risk of sex offenders with major mental illness: integrating research into best practices

Kelley

Thornton

2015

Jnl Aggress Conflict Peace Res

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“…Other disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis, were unrelated to recidivism, whereas paraphilias were inversely related to recidivism. Singer, Maguire, and Hurtz (2013) sampled 320 paroled sexual offenders and compared those who were reincarcerated for a sexual offense to those who did not reoffend. Results MENTAL DISORDER AND RECIDIVISM indicated that the recidivists were more likely to be classified as mentally ill (no specific diagnoses were listed) than the comparison group of non-recidivists.…”

Section: Mental Illness and Violence In Sexual Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Mental Disorder and Recidivism in Sexual Offenders

Kingston

Olver

Harris

et al. 2015

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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The importance of mental illness as a risk factor for violence has been debated with significant implications for mental health policy and clinical practice. In offender samples, mental health diagnoses tend to be unrelated to recidivism, although this effect has been questioned recently in sexual offenders. In the present, prospective investigation, the relevance of several mental health diagnoses and relevant co-morbidity is examined as predictors of various types of recidivism in two distinct samples of sexual offenders who were followed up to 27 years in the community. Results indicated that mental health diagnoses were not predictive of recidivism on their own or in multivariate categories, although comorbid substance-use disorders and some personality disorders showed some predictive validity. Results are discussed in the context of a social learning model of crime and in terms of the treatment of sexual offenders.

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“…Most studies on general sex offenders do not include offenders with psychotic disorders, or do not specifically discuss this subgroup (3,10,24,25). Even in studies on MDSOs, data on offenders with psychotic disorders are rarely consistent (12,26‐31). The few studies that exist on sex offenders with psychotic disorders tend to focus on either diagnosis versus risk of offending (8,32,33), theoretically driven typologies, or clinical characterizations aimed at treatment (7,27,34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24‐Year Follow‐up Study on Recidivism in Male Mentally Disordered Sexual Offenders With and Without Psychotic Disorders

Baudin

Nilsson

Wallinius

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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There is a lack of knowledge on mentally disordered sex offenders (MDSOs) targeting adult victims, especially regarding recidivism patterns and the specific subgroup with psychiatric disorders. This paper presents index offense data, clinical data, and recidivism patterns over up to 24 years in a cohort of 146 MDSOs, with and without psychotic disorders, sentenced in Sweden between 1993 and 1997. At the time of the offense, all offenders were affected by clinical, developmental, and criminal history factors. MDSOs with psychotic disorders only marginally differed from those without, the former being less likely to have been institutionalized during childhood, intoxicated during the index offense, or diagnosed with a personality disorder, substance use disorder, or paraphilic disorder. In the cohort, 3.4% of the MDSOs were reconvicted for a new sex offense over 2 years, 9.6% over 5 years, 13.0% over 10 years, and 17.1% over the entire follow‐up period of 24 years. In MDSOs with psychotic disorders, no subjects were reconvicted during the first 2 years, while 2.6% were reconvicted over 5 years, 5.3% over 10 years, and 7.9% over 24 years. Recidivism rates for violent and general reoffenses were 39.0% and 37.7%, respectively, for the cohort of MDSOs, and subjects with psychotic disorders reoffended significantly later in general offenses. In conclusion, MDSOs with psychotic disorders showed the same recidivism pattern as MDSOs without psychotic disorders. Furthermore, recidivism research may preferably focus on follow‐up periods of 5–10 years since most offenders appear to recidivate within this timeframe.

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The Prevalence of Mental Illness in California Sex Offenders on Parole: A Comparison of Those Who Recidivated with a New Sex Crime versus Those Who Did Not

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Assessing risk of sex offenders with major mental illness: integrating research into best practices

Assessing risk of sex offenders with major mental illness: integrating research into best practices

The Relationship between Mental Disorder and Recidivism in Sexual Offenders

A 24‐Year Follow‐up Study on Recidivism in Male Mentally Disordered Sexual Offenders With and Without Psychotic Disorders

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