The prevalence of metabolic syndrome parameters and their association with headache characteristics among migraineurs

Abstract

Background: Migraine is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are evidences that components of MetS are more prevalent among migraine patients than non migraineurs. Since both migraine and MetS are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events, it is likely that the parameters of MetS increase the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in migraineurs. The present research project was conducted for the purpose of investigating the relationship between MetS parameters and different items of migraine headaches.
 Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 240 migraineurs [according to International Headache Society (HIS) II criteria] within the 17+ age range. The participants were selected via consecutive and convenience sampling method. The evaluated parameters for each subject included 2 arms: migraine characteristics (intensity, frequency of attacks, subtype, duration, and treatment regimen) and indices of MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) report criteria [high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (‎HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), height, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI)]. All data were analyzed in SPSS software.
 Results: Total prevalence of MetS was 16.25% (39 patients). There was a statistically meaningful relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and gender (P = 0.021), hypertriglyceridemia and prophylactic antimigraine regimen (P = 0.022), hyperglycemia and age group (P = 0.010), hyperglycemia and the intensity of headache (P = 0.048), hyperglycemia and prophylactic treatment (P = 0.001), systolic hypertension and migraine subtype (P = 0.004), systolic hypertension and the duration of migraine disease (P = 0.005), diastolic hypertension and migraine subtype (P = 0.002), WC and gender (P = 0.001), WC and the intensity of headache (P = 0.028), WC and prophylactic medication (P = 0.017), HDL and gender (P = 0.001), HDL and the prophylactic regimen (P = 0.023), and MetS and gender (P = 0.005). The prevalence of MetS was increased with increase in the severity of migraine headache.
 Conclusion: Due to the relative increase in the prevalence of MetS in patients with more severe migraine, an evaluation of the mechanisms of MetS is recommended in this population.