The Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Inanimate Objects in an Urban Emergency Department

Kei, Jonathan; Richards, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.08.002

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this context, many studies have suggested that hospital equipment and mobile communication devices are contaminated with MRSA (0–14%) (Brady et al. ; Kei and Richards ). Inanimate objects may act as a route of MRSA transmission, at least in healthcare settings, as both inpatients and healthcare workers may be colonized with MRSA (Gomes et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces

et al. 2015

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We investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on shopping baskets in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to determine the genotypes of S. aureus isolates, and then a polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, desiccation tolerance of S. aureus isolates was evaluated in vitro. Forty‐six (6.2%) S. aureus isolates were collected from 740 shopping baskets, though only one MRSA strain was identified. In multilocus sequence typing findings, ten sequence types and 24 singletons were classified, which were divided into ten clonal complexes and six singletons. The most frequent staphylococcal enterotoxin gene was seg (30.4%). Our in vitro findings demonstrated that 70% of the S. aureus isolates, including the MRSA strain, became undetectable at 12 h after desiccation at an appropriate cell density, while the others remained viable for up to 24 h. Thus, it is difficult for MRSA organisms to survive on dry surfaces found in public areas. We speculated that inanimate objects in the community are unlikely to be a potential source for transmission of MRSA and that S. aureus on such objects outside of hospital settings is not a public health threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces

et al. 2015

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“…Limited evidence supports that, with adequate routine environmental cleaning, the risk of persistent contamination of high-touch patient care objects (e.g., chairs, gurneys, examination tables, curtains) in the ED is minimal. 111,112 Studies addressing how effective environmental cleaning and disinfection practices can be implemented and reliably maintained in the ED while permitting rapid turnover of patient rooms would be greatly beneficial.…”

Section: Environmental Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRSA has also been isolated from communal objects in the ED that may escape regular disinfection including computer keyboards, phones, and door keypads. [111][112][113] Provider stethoscopes are frequently contaminated. [114][115][116] Whether these objects contribute to transmission of MDROs in the ED is not clear, but it would seem prudent to incorporate their routine disinfection into environmental cleaning and disinfection practices.…”

Section: Environmental Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Prevention in the Emergency Department

Liang

Theodoro

Schuur

et al. 2014

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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Infection prevention remains a major challenge in emergency care. Acutely ill and injured patients seeking evaluation and treatment in the emergency department (ED) not only have the potential to spread communicable infectious diseases to healthcare personnel and other patients, but are vulnerable to acquiring new infections associated with the care they receive. This article will evaluate these risks and review the existing literature for infection prevention practices in the ED, ranging from hand hygiene, standard and transmission-based precautions, healthcare personnel vaccination, and environmental controls to strategies for preventing healthcare-associated infections. We will conclude by examining what can be done to optimize infection prevention in the ED and identify gaps in knowledge where further research is needed. Successful implementation of evidence-based practices coupled with innovation of novel approaches and technologies tailored specifically to the complex and dynamic environment of the ED are the keys to raising the standard for infection prevention and patient safety in emergency care.

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“…2,3 A previous study evaluating MRSA colonization of inanimate objects in the ED failed to show the presence of this pathogen on two samples taken from ED ultrasound probes 4 ; however, this study was limited by the small number of ED ultrasound machine probes sampled.…”

Section: Ré Sumémentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In contrast to one prior study that cultured a number of inanimate objects in the ED, 4 we focused our study on ED ultrasound probes. We were able to increase the number of ED ultrasound machine probe samples and use a more rigorous sampling scheme to limit selection bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination and cleanliness of emergency department ultrasound probes

Sanz

Theoret

Liao

et al. 2011

CJEM

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Objectives: As ultrasonography is increasingly used in the emergency department (ED), ultrasound equipment has become a potential threat to infection control. Improperly cleaned ultrasound probes may serve as a vector for pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization on ultrasound probes used in a busy, urban ED. It was hypothesized that cultures of our ED ultrasound probes would yield a significant number of positive results for MRSA. Methods: In this observational study, 11 ED ultrasound probes were randomly sampled on 10 different occasions. Samples were taken using a RODAC plate method and were cultured for MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). On half of the randomly assigned sampling occasions, a visual inspection of each ultrasound probe for general cleanliness was conducted and recorded. Data were stratified by ultrasound location in the ED and analyzed using the Fisher exact test, with p , 0.05 deemed to be statistically significant. Results: Of 110 samples, no isolates of MRSA were cultured. One probe yielded a positive culture for MSSA. Probes in the medicine, trauma, and pediatrics areas were found to be clean 65%, 33%, and 70% of the time, respectively. This variability in probe cleanliness by ED location was found to be statistically significant (p , 0.01). Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, MRSA contamination of ultrasound probes was not found. This finding suggests that the spread of MRSA by ED ultrasound machines in a high-volume urban ED is unlikely. Further research at different centres with larger sample sizes is required before these results can be generalized. RÉ SUMÉObjectifs : Les services des urgences (SU) utilisent de plus en plus l'é chographie; or, ces appareils sont devenus des menaces potentielles dans la lutte contre l'infection. Des sondes é chographiques mal nettoyé es peuvent en effet servir de vecteurs aux pathogè nes comme le Staphylococcus aureus ré sistant à la mé thicilline (SARM). Cette é tude avait donc comme principal objectif de dé terminer la pré valence de colonisation par le SARM des sondes é chographiques utilisé es dans un SU en milieu urbain à grande affluence. On a é mis l'hypothè se que des cultures des sondes é chographiques du SU donneraient un nombre important de ré sultats positifs quant au SARM. Mé thodes : Dans cette é tude par observation, onze sondes é chographiques ont é té é chantillonné es au hasard en dix occasions diffé rentes. Les é chantillons ont é té pré levé s au moyen de la mé thode en boîte Rodac et cultivé s afin d'y dé tecter la pré sence de SARM et de SASM (Staphylococcus aureus sensibles à la mé thicilline). Lors de la moitié des é chantillonnages au hasard, une inspection visuelle de la propreté globale de chaque sonde é chographique a é té mené e et consigné e. Les donné es ont é té stratifié es par site d'é chographie au SU et analysé es au moyen de la mé thode exacte de Fisher, où p , 0,...

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The Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Inanimate Objects in an Urban Emergency Department

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces

Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces

Infection Prevention in the Emergency Department

Bacterial contamination and cleanliness of emergency department ultrasound probes

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