The prevalence of microcystic macular changes on optical coherence tomography of the macular region in optic nerve atrophy of non-neuritis origin: a prospective study

Pott, Jan Willem R.; Vries-Knoppert, W. A. E. J. De; Petzold, Axel

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305737

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Only experimental trans-section of the anterior visual pathways caused the combination of RNFL and GCIPL atrophy with INL thickening and presence of microcysts. This pattern of MMO has also been observed with compression of the anterior optic pathways by a tumor (Abegg et al 2012;Pott et al 2016).…”

Section: Brain 2019supporting

confidence: 53%

Patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration in the visual system

Vries-Knoppert

Baaijen

Petzold

2019

Brain

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Conclusive evidence for existence of acquired retrograde axonal degeneration that is truly trans-synaptic (RTD) has not yet been provided for the human visual system. Convincing data rely on experimental data of lesions to the posterior visual pathways. This study aimed to overcome the limitations of previous human studies, namely pathology to the anterior visual pathways and neurodegenerative co-morbidity. In this prospective, longitudinal cohort retinal optical coherence tomography scans were acquired before and after elective partial temporal lobe resection in 25 patients for intractable epilepsy. Newly developed region of interest-specific, retinotopic areas substantially improved on conventional reported early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grid-based optical coherence tomography data. Significant inner retinal layer atrophy separated patients with normal visual fields from those who developed a visual field defect. Acquired RTD affected the retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer and stopped at the level of the inner nuclear layer. There were significant correlations between the resected brain tissue volume and the ganglion cell layer region of interest (R = −0.78, P < 0.0001) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer region of interest (R = −0.65, P = 0.0007). In one patient, damage to the anterior visual pathway resulted in occurrence of microcystic macular oedema as recognized from experimental data. In the remaining 24 patients with true RTD, atrophy rates in the first 3 months were strongly correlated with time from surgery for the ganglion cell layer region of interest (R = −0.74, P < 0.0001) and the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer region of interest (R = −0.51, P < 0.0001). The different time course of atrophy rates observed relate to brain tissue volume resection and suggest that three distinct patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration exist: (i) direct retrograde axonal degeneration; (ii) rapid and self-terminating RTD; and (iii) prolonged RTD representing a ‘penumbra’, which slowly succumbs to molecularly governed spatial cellular stoichiometric relationships. We speculate that the latter could be a promising target for neuroprotection.

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Section: Brain 2019supporting

confidence: 53%

Patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration in the visual system

Vries-Knoppert

Baaijen

Petzold

2019

Brain

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“…The mRNFL, RGCL, IPL and INL were divided into eight sectors according to the ETDRS (circle diameters: 1, 3 and 6 mm), which excluded the central fovea due to its few retinal ganglion cells. MME was defined according to the criteria that cystic lesions were located in the INL, which at least expanded to two adjacent B-scans on macular volume scanning 24 25…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal segmented layers with strong aquaporin-4 expression suffered more injuries in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders compared with optic neuritis with aquaporin-4 antibody seronegativity detected by optical coherence tomography

Peng

Wang

et al. 2017

Br J Ophthalmol

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“…It has been speculated that retinal injury in NMO may in part be a primary disease manifestation, although it has been difficult to resolve direct retinal injury from retrograde axon degeneration due to retrobulbar optic neuritis. These retinal abnormalities are also seen, albeit at lower frequency, following optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis and a variety of severe noninflammatory optic neuropathies [ 12 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement-independent retinal pathology produced by intravitreal injection of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G

Felix

Levin

Verkman

2016

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica (NMO), an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is often associated with retinal abnormalities including thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and microcystic changes. Here, we demonstrate that passive transfer of an anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody (AQP4-IgG) produces primary retinal pathology.MethodsAQP4-IgG was delivered to adult rat retinas by intravitreal injection. Rat retinas and retinal explant cultures were assessed by immunofluorescence.ResultsImmunofluorescence showed AQP4-IgG deposition on retinal Müller cells, with greatly reduced AQP4 expression and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein by 5 days. There was mild retinal inflammation with microglial activation but little leukocyte infiltration and loss of retinal ganglion cells by 30 days with thinning of the ganglion cell complex. Interestingly, the loss of AQP4 was complement independent as seen in cobra venom factor-treated rats and in normal rats administered a mutated AQP4-IgG lacking complement effector function. Exposure of ex vivo retinal cultures to AQP4-IgG produced a marked reduction in AQP4 expression by 24 h, which was largely prevented by inhibitors of endocytosis or lysosomal acidification.ConclusionsPassive transfer of AQP4-IgG results in primary, complement-independent retinal pathology, which might contribute to retinal abnormalities seen in NMO patients.

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The prevalence of microcystic macular changes on optical coherence tomography of the macular region in optic nerve atrophy of non-neuritis origin: a prospective study

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration in the visual system

Patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration in the visual system

Retinal segmented layers with strong aquaporin-4 expression suffered more injuries in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders compared with optic neuritis with aquaporin-4 antibody seronegativity detected by optical coherence tomography

Complement-independent retinal pathology produced by intravitreal injection of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G

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