The Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Salmonella typhi</i> Isolated From Blood Sample

Mina, Sohana Akter; Hasan, Md. Zahid; Hossain, A. K. M. Zakir; Barua, Anupam; Mirjada, Md Rashed; Chowdhury, A. M. Masudul Azad

doi:10.1177/11786361221150760

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A high prevalence (44.87%) of MDR non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates was also observed in our study. This finding is consistent with the results of a previous study on various host species in the United States [79] but lower than the prevalence found in MDR S. strains isolated from blood samples in Chattogram City, Bangladesh [80]. The difference may relate to the abuse of drugs in the poultry breeding industry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020–2021

Ju,

Cui,

Lei

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a dangerous foodborne disease that causes enormous economic loss and threatens public health worldwide. The consumption of food, especially poultry or poultry products, contaminated with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the main cause of human salmonellosis. To date, no research has identified the molecular epidemiological characteristics of NTS strains isolated from breeder chicken farms in different provinces of China. In our study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic relationships, presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids of NTS isolates recovered from breeder chicken farms in five provinces of China between 2020 and 2021 by using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach and phenotypic methods. All sequenced isolates belonged to six serovars with seven sequence types. Nearly half of the isolates (44.87%) showed phenotypic resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes than the others, which was highly consistent with phenotypic resistance. Furthermore, the carried rate of 104 out of 135 detected virulence genes was 100%. Overall, our WGS results highlight the need for the continuous monitoring of, and additional studies on, the antimicrobial resistance of NTS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020–2021

Ju,

Cui,

Lei

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…This study used the boiling method to isolate bacterial DNA [ 22 , 23 ]. After purity and DNA concentration check through NanoDrop, highly purified and concentrated DNA samples were selected for PCR amplification and stored at -20°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of shigellosis in pediatric diarrheal patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A molecular based approach

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Shigellaa Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus, is the primary causative agent of the infectious disease shigellosis, which kills 1.1 million people worldwideevery year. The children under the age of five are primarily the victims of this disease. This study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of shigellosis through selective plating, biochemical test and conventional PCR assays, where the samples were collected from suspected diarrheoal patients. Invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) and O-antigenic rfc gene were used to identify Shigella spp. and S. flexneri respectively. For validation of these identification, PCR product of ipaH gene of a sample (Shigella flexneri MZS 191) has been sequenced and submitted to NCBI database (GenBank accession no- MW774908.1). Further this strain has been used as positive control. Out of 204, around 14.2% (n = 29)(P> 0.01) pediatric diarrheoal cases were screened as shigellosis. Another interesting finding was that most of shigellosis affected children were 7 months to 1 year (P> 0.01).The significance of this study lies in the analyses of the occurrenceand the molecular identification of Shigellaspp. and S. flexneri that can be utilized in improving the accurate identification and the treatment of the most severe and alarming shigellosis.

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“…They are generally associated with tetAR, strAB and sul2, although other antibiotic-resistance genes have been identified (McMillan et al, 2020;Oliva et al, 2017;Poirel et al, 2010). In Bangladesh, recently reported clinical isolates of MDR S. Typhi showed higher resistance to nalidixic acid compared to other antibiotics (Mina et al, 2023). Reports from 2014 to 2018 showed that MDR S. Typhi and Paratyphi A possessed non-conjugative non-IncHI1 plasmids and multiple gene markers of AMR such as bla TEM-1 , catA, sul1, sul2, dfrA15 (Dutta et al, 2014;Samajpati et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Multidrug Resistance (Mdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bangladesh, recently reported clinical isolates of MDR S . Typhi showed higher resistance to nalidixic acid compared to other antibiotics (Mina et al., 2023). Reports from 2014 to 2018 showed that MDR S .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Drug Resistance In Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Defying the odds: Determinants of the antimicrobial response of Salmonella Typhi and their interplay

Chowdhury,

Mukherjee,

Chatterjee

et al. 2023

Molecular Microbiology

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Salmonella Typhi, the invasive serovar of S. enterica subspecies enterica, causes typhoid fever in healthy human hosts. The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains has consistently challenged the successful treatment of typhoid fever with conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella is acquired either by mutations in the genomic DNA or by acquiring extrachromosomal DNA via horizontal gene transfer. In addition, Salmonella can form a subpopulation of antibiotic persistent (AP) cells that can survive at high concentrations of antibiotics. These have reduced the effectiveness of the first and second lines of antibiotics used to treat Salmonella infection. The recurrent and chronic carriage of S. Typhi in human hosts further complicates the treatment process, as a remarkable shift in the immune response from pro‐inflammatory Th1 to anti‐inflammatory Th2 is observed. Recent studies have also highlighted the overlap between AP, persistent infection (PI) and AMR. These incidents have revealed several areas of research. In this review, we have put forward a timeline for the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and discussed the different mechanisms of the same availed by the pathogen at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Further, we have presented a detailed discussion on Salmonella antibiotic persistence (AP), PI, the host and bacterial virulence factors that can influence PI, and how both AP and PI can lead to AMR.

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The Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi Isolated From Blood Sample

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020–2021

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020–2021

Occurrence of shigellosis in pediatric diarrheal patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A molecular based approach

Defying the odds: Determinants of the antimicrobial response of Salmonella Typhi and their interplay

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