The prevalence of mycobacterial infections in striped bass in Chesapeake Bay

Overton, Anthony S.; Margraf, F. Joseph; Weedon, C. A.; Pieper, L. H.; May, Eric

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00364.x

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…NJB 0419 was highly pathogenic to yellowtail. Disease signs found in yellowtail were almost similar to the other fishes (Brocklebank et al, 2003;Overton et al, 2003). Numerous white nodules were generally observed in several internal organs as in other cases of Mycobacterium infection (Majeed et al, 1981;Shamsudin et al, 1990;Gomez, 1998;Brocklebank et al, 2003;Overton et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Although, fish infected with Mycobacterium spp. show subclinical sign or no external sign in the early stage of disease, it may be due to the slow growing of the pathogen and the slow progression of the disease (Hatai et al, 1993;Puttinaowarat et al, 2002;Brocklebank et al, 2003;Overton et al, 2003). Histopathological features revealed that the disease was a classical granuloma of the soft tubercle-type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Cultured Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT-Recently, Mycobacterium infection has been observed in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan but not studied in detail. Diseased fish were lethargic, anorexic and emaciated, and showed hemorrhagic cutaneous ulceration and ascites. The necropsy and histopathological features showed that disseminated necrosis and numerous white nodules were found in the kidney, spleen, liver and heart. Numerous acid-fast bacteria were detected in the above tissues and granulomas. Myositis, hepatitis, splenitis and nephritis due to granulomas and gill inflammation were histologically observed. Almost all granulomas were classified into soft tubercletype. All bacteria isolated from the diseased fish were Gram-positive, acid-fast, rod and non-motile. As a result, they were classified into the genus Mycobacterium. The isolates were identified as Mycobacterium marinum on the basis of biological and biochemical characteristics and the analysis of a partial 16S rRNA gene sequence. An experimental infection test showed that a representative isolate had pathogenicity to yellowtail with disease signs similar to those of naturally affected fish. This is the first report on M. marinum infection in cultured yellowtail.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Cultured Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

et al. 2007

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“…Epidemics in wild fish populations have been attributed to viruses (Lumsden et al 2007, Whittington et al 2008, bacteria (Overton et al 2003), mesomycetozoea (Daniel 1933, Sindermann 1958, Gozlan et al 2005, and parasites (Heggberget & Johnsen 1982). These pathogens also occur in healthy populations (Skall et al 2005), but little is known about the effects of endemic diseases on population-level survival and recruitment (of young fish into the population) over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of population recovery in relation to disease in Pacific herring

Marty

Hulson²,

Miller³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Following an estimated 60% decline in population abundance in early 1993, recovery of the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii population of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, has been impaired by disease. Comprehensive epidemiological study from 1994 through 2002 validated an age-structured assessment (ASA) model of disease and population abundance; from 2003 to 2006, the impact of disease was modeled by analyzing only 2 lesions: ulcers and white foci in the heart. The ASA model identified increased natural mortality since 1993 that can be explained by (1) epidemics associated with ulcers (prevalence about 3%) and the North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV Type IVa; prevalence up to 14%) in 1994 and 1998 and (2) relatively high prevalence of the mesomycetozoean Ichthyophonus hoferi from 1994 through 2006, including epidemics with the greatest sample prevalence in 2001 (38%, by histopathology) and 2005 (51%, estimated histopathology prevalence). Fourteen other parasites occurred at prevalence >10%, but none were considered significant contributors to fish mortality. We predict that if natural mortality after 1994 had returned to background levels that best fit the model from 1980 to 1992 (0.25 yr -1 ), population biomass in 2006 would have been 3 times the best estimate, despite relatively poor recruitment since 1994. In conclusion, disease information can be used to explain and predict changes in populations that have confounded traditional fisheries assessment.KEY WORDS: Pacific herring · Clupea pallasii · Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus · VHSV Type IVa · Ulcers · Ichthyophonus hoferi · Age-structured assessment model · Population-level response Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 90: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] 2010 are 3 to 5 yr old, live for about 12 yr, and weigh up to about 250 g. Mature fish spawn every year, but for reasons probably related to environmental conditions (Williams & Quinn 2000), strong year-classes recruit into the adult population only about once every 4 yr. The most accurate biomass estimates are made in early spring, when fish aggregations move to shallow waters to spawn. After spawning, fish disperse and do not reaggregate near spawning areas until late fall. Feeding is minimal during the winter (Foy & Norcross 2001).Four years after the March 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, about 60% of the Pacific herring population died during the winter of 1992/1993. Death was attributed to poor food availability in 1992, which resulted in poor fish condition the following winter (Pearson et al. 1999, Elston & Meyers 2009). The weakened fish had 2 types of lesions or pathogens that are commonly associated with population stress: (1) cutaneous ulcers and (2) the North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV Type IVa) (Meyers et al. 1994, Pearson et al. 1999, Carls et al. 2002). An alternative hypothesis attributes a greater proportion of th...

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“…(Hecker et al 2001, Gauthier & Rhodes 2009, Jacobs et al 2009b. Recently, several surveys have shown that striped bass exhibit a high prevalence (> 50%) of age-and sex-dependent mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay (Vogelbein et al 1999, Cardinal 2001, Overton et al 2003. The prevalence of mycobacteriosis in striped bass from the Chesapeake Bay appears to increase from age 1 to 5 yr old, and above these ages is maintained at higher prevalency in males as compared to females (Gauthier & Rhodes 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term infection of striped bass Morone saxatilis with Mycobacterium marinum

Gonsalves¹,

Jacobs²,

Rhodes³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Striped bass Morone saxatilis were studied in order to characterize their immune responses over the short term following challenge with Mycobacterium marinum. The expression of immunity-related genes quickly increased following infection with M. marinum, but these genes were subsequently down-regulated despite the fact that bacterial counts remained high. The number of monocytes and neutrophils also initially increased at 1 d postinfection. This confirms the importance of these types of cells in initial inflammation and mycobacterial infection in striped bass. The phagocytic index of splenic leukocytes over these same time frames did not change significantly following infection. The discrete window in which inflammatory mechanisms were stimulated in striped bass may be related to the intracellular nature of this pathogen.KEY WORDS: Mycobacteriosis · Striped bass · Gene expression · Interleukin-1β · IL-1β · Tumor necrosis factor-α · TNF-α · Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein · Nramp · Transforming growth factor-β · TGF-β Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 94: [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] 2011 culosis in humans due to its relatively fast growth (~4 h generation time) and its genetic similarity to M. tuberculosis (Tonjum et al. 1998, Cosma et al. 2003. Several aquatic animal models have been used in the past to study immune responses to infection with M. marinum, including goldfish Carassius auratus, zebrafish Danio rerio, leopard frog Rana pipiens and medaka Oryzias latipes (Ramakrishnan et al. 1997, Talaat et al. 1998, Decostere et al. 2004, Broussard & Ennis 2007.Due to the chronic nature of disease caused by Mycobacterium marinum, previous studies have concentrated on host responses over the long term, looking at the formation and persistence of granulomas in host organs. Only the work of Burge et al. (2004) and Harms et al. (2003) have addressed the early-phase response, and in those cases only in vitro. Here, we investigate the initiation of immune responses in the striped bass Morone saxatilis to an in vivo challenge from M. marinum using markers for inflammation , tumor necrosis factor-α [INF-α], transforming growth factor-β [IGF-β] expression) and bacterial killing mechanisms (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein [Nramp] expression, phagocytic index). MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental fish and maintenance. One-year-old striped bass Morone saxatilis, Choptank River, Maryland strain, were obtained from Delmarva Aquatics. These fish were transported to the Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (COL) to allow for fish and system acclimation. A total of 100 fish (mean weight = 50 ± 5 g) were randomly stocked in sixteen 568 l circular tanks at 12 to 13 fish per tank and allowed to acclimatize for 1 mo. Experimental conditions were set as: photoperiod 12h light: 12 h dark, pH 8.2, salinity 10 ppt, temperature 21°C. Water quality (dO, NH 3 , NH 4 , NO 2 ) remained in a healthy range for the species (Harrell et al...

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The prevalence of mycobacterial infections in striped bass in Chesapeake Bay

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Cultured Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Cultured Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

Failure of population recovery in relation to disease in Pacific herring

Short-term infection of striped bass Morone saxatilis with Mycobacterium marinum

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