The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategies were implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M. tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56–2.65, P = 0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17–2.51, P = 0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated ones. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10–3.84, P = 0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28–3.79, P = 0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21–0.88, P = 0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24–4.50, P = 0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07–3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert-MTB/RIF assay among tuberculosis suspected patients at Mizan-Tepi university teaching hospital, southwest Ethiopia: An institution based cross-sectional study

“…The present study also revealed that TB-HIV co-infection was found to be high (32.6%) and more likely to be positive for TB compared to patients who were HIV-negatives. This finding is in line with previous studies conducted across the country [ 17 , 20 , 22 , 31 , 32 ]. Similarly, malnutrition was found to be contributing factor to the positivity of M .…”

“…In this study, the detection rate of M . tuberculosis was significantly higher in males than females, which is also supported by many study reports in developing countries [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 29 , 30 ]. Although, it is not statistically significant, relatively higher prevalence of M .…”

“…The result of this study was higher when compared with a study conducted at Jimma University Medical Center (9.3%) [ 17 ], Ataye district hospital (9.0%) [ 18 ], and Motta general hospital (8.4%) [ 19 ], North Ethiopia. However, this finding is lower than a study finding in Adigrat General Hospital (24.3%) [ 20 ] and Debre Markos referral hospital (23.1%) [ 21 ], Northern Ethiopia, and Gedeo Zone (26.8%) [ 22 ] and Adare general hospital (30.5%) [ 23 ], Southern Ethiopia. When comparing to other African countries, this finding is lower than a study finding in Morocco (20.6%) [ 24 ], Nigeria (22.9%) [ 25 ], Pakistan (38.0%) [ 26 ], Nepal (23.6%) [ 27 ] and other report from a developing country (45.3%) [ 28 ].…”

Evaluation of the use of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in a zone with high burden of tuberculosis in Thailand

“…A study in San Francisco, USA, claimed that GeneXpert MTB/RIF could greatly reduce the frequency and impact of unnecessary empiric treatment or overtreatment by 94% as well as reduce the impact of transmission in household contact, providing substantial patient and programmatic benefits if used for making management decisions [ 27 ]. A cross-sectional study on the use of Xpert-MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis in Southern Ethiopia reported a prevalence of 26.8% among 384 suspected MTB patients [ 29 ].…”

The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis among Internal Displaced Persons in EL-salam Camp, South Darfur State - Sudan 2022.

“…According to a South African study, 14% of participants seek TB advice from herbalists, and 14% self-reported staying at home. Another study in Karachi, Pakistan, found that healthcare professionals in tuberculosis programs lacked expertise, causing some patients to fall behind on treatment and others to take their medications incorrectly 25,26 . In the studies conducted in Ethiopia, the first one included 384 participants suspected of TB, M. tuberculosis was isolated from 103, giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%.…”