The Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Symptomatic Patients, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2014

Mahlangu, Mahlape P.; Müller, Etienne; Venter, Johanna M. E.; Maseko, Dumisile V.; Kularatne, Ranmini

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000984

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of MG among pregnant women living with and without HIV in our study is higher than that reported for non-pregnant women living with and without HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa, as well as for that estimated for women in the general population by Baumann et al 6 23. However, the incidence of MG in our study is lower than that reported by three studies in sub-Saharan Africa, which ranged from 6.6 to 34.6 incident MG infections per 100 person-years 24–26.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…MG is now a recognised cause of NGU in men and is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women 5. In South Africa, a study of men and women living with and without HIV presenting with male urethral syndrome and vaginal discharge syndrome found that MG prevalence was 8.9% and 10.6%, respectively, and another found that prevalence was inversely correlated with age in women 6 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and incidence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

Smullin¹,

Green

Peters

et al. 2020

Sex Transm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveMycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a sexually transmitted organism associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women and has been shown to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Our study sought to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of MG infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 197 women ≥18 years receiving antenatal care in South Africa from November 2017 to February 2019. We over-recruited HIV-infected pregnant women to compare MG by HIV infection status. Self-collected vaginal swabs, performed at the first antenatal visit, third trimester and within 1 week post partum, were tested for MG using the Aptima assay (Hologic, USA). We report on the prevalence and incidence of MG and used multivariable logistic regression to describe correlates of MG and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (preterm delivery, miscarriage and vertical HIV transmission), adjusting for maternal age and HIV infection status.ResultsAt first antenatal visit, the median age was 29 years (IQR=24–34) and the gestational age was 19 weeks (IQR=14–23); 47% of women enrolled in the study were HIV-infected. MG prevalence was 24% (95% CI 16% to 34%, n=22) in HIV-infected and 12% (95% CI 6.8% to 20%, n=13) in HIV-uninfected pregnant women. MG incidence during pregnancy and early post partum was 4.7 infections per 100 woman-years (95% CI 1.2 to 12.9) or 3.9 per 1000 woman-months (95% CI 1.0 to 10.7). Adjusting for maternal age, HIV-infected women had over three times the odds of being infected with MG (adjusted OR=3.09, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.06).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Younger maternal age and HIV infection were associated with MG infection in pregnancy. Further research into birth outcomes of women infected with MG, including vertical transmission of HIV infection, is needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and incidence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

Smullin¹,

Green

Peters

et al. 2020

Sex Transm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have proposed that M. hominis is potentially pathogenic and sometimes associated with a variety of disorders including bacterial vaginosis, pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, chorioamnionitis, endometritis, preterm birth, low birth, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, postpartum fever, perinatal mortality and infertility overtime [65,66] [70]. Mahlangu (2019) was determined M. genitalium in 8.9% of urine and 10.6% of endocervical swab specimens which collected from males and females with genital discharge syndrome [71]. Baumann (2017) performed a meta-analysis on prevalence of M. genitalium and found that: the prevalence among women is similar to men and was 1.4% in developed countries and 3.9% in developing countries among general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of genital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran; a systematic review and meta-analysis study (2000–2019)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although many species of mycoplasmas regard as normal flora, but some species causes serious genital disease. In Iran several epidemiological studies have documented the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital disorders. This meta-analysis is going to represent the prevalence of M. hominis, M. genitalium and U. urealyticum among Iranian couples and the correlation between mycoplasmas infection and infertility. Methods: We search online databases from January 2000 to June 2019. We used following MeSH keywords (Prevalence, M. hominis, M. genitalium, U. urealyticum, male, female, fertility, Infertility, genitourinary tract infection and Iran) with all possible combinations with "OR" and "AND". Finally, forty-four articles from 2670 were chosen for data extraction and analysis by software using STATA version 14.0. Results: This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of U. urealyticum was 17.53% in Iran and the prevalence of M. genitalium and M. hominis were 11.33 and 9.68% respectively. The rate of M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infection in women with symptoms of genitourinary tract infection was higher than men with genitourinary tract infection (6.46% vs 5.4, 7.67% vs 5.88 and 21.04% vs 12.13%, respectively). As expected, the prevalence of M. genitalium, U. urealyticum and M. hominis among infertile women (12.73, 19.58 and 10.81%) were higher than fertile women (3%, 10. 85% and 4. 35%). Similarly, the prevalence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum among infertile men (14 and 21.18%) were higher than fertile men (4 and 3%). Based on this analysis, the rate of U. urealyticum was higher than M. genitalium and M. hominis among infertile men and women compared to the fertile group. The prevalence rate of M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum in central provinces is higher than other parts of Iran.

show abstract

“…Among asymptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM), M. genitalium appears to be detected significantly more often in the rectum than in the urethra 4 , 15 – 18 . At the urethral site, M. genitalium is an established cause of NGU and chronic NGU 1 .…”

Section: Contribution Of M Genitalium To Rectal Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its pathogenicity at other sites, including the rectum, remains subject to debate. Although the prevalence of M. genitalium infection is reported to be higher among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population 4 – 6 , the interplay of M. genitalium –HIV co-infection is poorly understood. Anti-microbial resistance, including the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains, is complicating current treatment strategies and there is a clear need for use of resistance assays and new classes of anti-microbials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding and combatting Mycoplasma genitalium

Peel¹,

Aung²,

Bond³

et al. 2020

Fac Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycoplasma genitalium has emerged over the last 30 years as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). As data have accumulated, our understanding of this pathogen and its role in disease continues to evolve. This in turn creates new challenges and complexities. Questions remain regarding the natural history of M. genitalium , its contribution to disease and long-term sequelae. A decline in cure rates for first-line anti-microbials has been observed. This is likely in part due to high usage of single-dose azithromycin in the sexual health field but also due to the intrinsic ability of M. genitalium to rapidly acquire anti-microbial resistance. Consequently, the term ‘the new STI superbug’ is not infrequently used by the media to describe this pathogen. Currently available antibiotics have side effects that, though rare, are potentially serious. This leads to inherent questions regarding the benefit of testing for and treating M. genitalium , particularly in asymptomatic individuals or in genital syndromes where the benefit of treatment is not well established. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence and literature regarding M. genitalium and explore areas of research where disparities exist. We discuss the contribution of M. genitalium to genital syndromes, particularly those where data are conflicting, in order to inform indications for testing and treatment. Avoidance of increasing anti-microbial resistance with astute anti-microbial stewardship is paramount if we are to successfully manage M. genitalium infection. We examine the state of play regarding anti-microbial resistance and how to combat this, including currently available anti-microbials, resistance-guided therapy and novel therapeutic approaches. We aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of M. genitalium and the implications for current clinical practise and suggestions for future research.

show abstract

The Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Symptomatic Patients, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2014

Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in Mycoplasma genitalium –infected females was significantly higher than in uninfected females, regardless of the presence or absence of other sexually transmitted infection pathogens.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence and incidence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

Prevalence and incidence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

Epidemiology of genital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran; a systematic review and meta-analysis study (2000–2019)

Recent advances in understanding and combatting Mycoplasma genitalium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About