The Prevalence of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization in the United States

Willis, Jeffrey R.; Vitale, Susan; Morse, Lawrence S.; Parke, David W.; Rich, William L.; Lum, Flora; Cantrell, Ronald A.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.04.021

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is a parallel here with myopia onset for females, which has been reported to be two years ahead of males 54 , 75 . The implication of the earlier onset of myopia in females is that they have a higher risk for developing larger myopic errors and secondary ocular pathology — indeed, as reported for older age groups 76 – 78 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and Possible Factors of Myopia in Norwegian Adolescents

Hagen

Gjelle

Arnegard

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

102

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East Asia has experienced an excessive increase in myopia in the past decades with more than 80% of the younger generation now affected. Environmental and genetic factors are both assumed to contribute in the development of refractive errors, but the etiology is unknown. The environmental factor argued to be of greatest importance in preventing myopia is high levels of daylight exposure. If true, myopia prevalence would be higher in adolescents living in high latitude countries with fewer daylight hours in the autumn-winter. We examined the prevalence of refractive errors in a representative sample of 16–19-year-old Norwegian Caucasians (n = 393, 41.2% males) in a representative region of Norway (60° latitude North). At this latitude, autumn-winter is 50 days longer than summer. Using gold-standard methods of cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry, the overall prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤−0.50 D] was 13%, considerably lower than in East Asians. Hyperopia (SER ≥ + 0.50 D), astigmatism (≥1.00 DC) and anisometropia (≥1.00 D) were found in 57%, 9% and 4%. Norwegian adolescents seem to defy the world-wide trend of increasing myopia. This suggests that there is a need to explore why daylight exposure during a relatively short summer outweighs that of the longer autumn-winter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and Possible Factors of Myopia in Norwegian Adolescents

Hagen

Gjelle

Arnegard

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

102

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“…The long-term prognosis is poor, even if treated (15). The prevalence of myopic CNV is largely unknown, but a recent study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS ® ) Registry has estimated the prevalence among people aged 18 years and older in the United States as 0.017% (95% CI, 0.010-0.030) (16). The pathogenesis of myopic CNV is still largely unknown, but vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the aqueous humor are known to be elevated (15).…”

Section: Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (Cnv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic myopia: an overview of the current understanding and interventions

Ueta

Makino

Yamamoto

et al. 2020

GHM

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Pathologic myopia is a major cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Its social and economic burden has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies. There have been recent advances in the classification system for myopic maculopathy that enables clinicians to describe different types of lesions, including tessellated fundus, diffuse/patchy chorioretinal atrophy, macular atrophy, lacquer cracks, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and Fuchs' spot, in a standardized format. From a therapeutic point of view, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has been established as first-line choice for myopic CNV. For myopic retinoschisis and macular holes with/without retinal detachment, pars plana vitrectomy has been generally accepted as an efficient strategy. Studies are being conducted to determine how to avoid the development of a postoperative macular hole and to improve the quality of vision after surgery. In recent years, studies have revealed preventive measures that can be taken against myopia progression, including low-dose atropine eyedrops and contact lens wearing with peripheral myopic defocusing.

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“… 1 Within the heterogeneous American population, over 9.6 million Americans are burdened with high myopia. 2 Complications of high myopia, such as retinal detachment, myopic choroidal neovascularization, and glaucoma, can cause irreversible blindness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudophakic adult with progressive optic disc tilt and axial length elongation

Yanagihara

Nóbrega

Chen

2020

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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Purpose To describe a case of progressive optic disc tilt in a pseudophakic Asian adult associated with an increase in axial length. Observations A 28-year-old man presented with high myopia in the right eye with an axial length of 30.4 mm and refraction of −13.75 diopters (D) spherical equivalent (SE). The refraction was plano sphere after LASIK and LASIK enhancement. The left eye was blinded by retinal detachment after phacoemulsification. Six years later, the right eye axial length was 31.65 mm when he underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement for nuclear sclerosis, after which the refraction was −0.50 D SE. The right eye refraction changed progressively over 13 years after cataract surgery to −4.00 D SE, at which time the axial length was 33.69 mm. A notable increase in optic disc tilt and peripapillary atrophy was evident on comparison of fundus photographs taken 11 years apart. Conclusions Although progressive optic disc tilt in conjunction with increasing axial myopia in pediatric populations has been documented, it has not been reported in adults but may occur. Scleral stretching due to axial length elongation associated with loss of accommodation after cataract surgery and worsening peripapillary atrophy are possible causes of this finding.

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The Prevalence of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization in the United States

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence and Possible Factors of Myopia in Norwegian Adolescents

Prevalence and Possible Factors of Myopia in Norwegian Adolescents

Pathologic myopia: an overview of the current understanding and interventions

Pseudophakic adult with progressive optic disc tilt and axial length elongation

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