The prevalence of overweight and obesity in a breast clinic population: Consideration for weight loss as a therapeutic intervention

Kim, Angela; Scharf, Keith; Senthil, Maheswari; Solomon, Naveenraj L.; Garberoglio, Carlos A.; Lum, Sharon S.

doi:10.1016/j.soard.2013.07.019

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Increased BMI is one of the rapidly rising problems surfacing across the globe, leading to socioeconomic and medical implications [11]. The correlation of increased BMI and the development of breast cancer is well-established; however, its correlation to benign breast disease is still under study [12]. Moreover, excess body weight significantly increases the risk of numerous diseases and clinical disorders, including all-cause mortality, coronary and cerebrovascular diseases, various cancers, type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver disease, and asthma, as well as psychopathology, among others [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Fibroadenoma

Bhettani¹,

Rehman²,

Altaf³

et al. 2019

Cureus

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IntroductionAmong all benign conditions, the fibroadenoma is the most common lesion worldwide as well as in Pakistan. Clinicians often face the dilemma of whether to remove the mass or to monitor it by means of periodic follow-up examinations. Although the removal of these lesions is a definitive solution, surgery may involve unnecessary excision of benign lesions and unbecoming cosmesis. Body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for the development of breast cancer.However, the relationship between BMI and benign breast diseases is still unclear. Some studies showed that increased BMI is a risk factor for benign breast diseases; however, a large number of studies showed that a decrease in BMI is the risk factor for benign breast diseases.Material and methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were assessed in the breast clinic of PIMS. A final diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made after a triple assessment. Weight in kilograms and height in meters were measured. All the information was recorded in a specifically designed proforma accordingly by the postgraduate trainee. BMI was calculated by the formula: BMI=Weight in kgs/height in meters. Other variables that were noted include patients' age, gender, contact number, and hospital visit. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US).ResultsThe BMI of study patients was 21.8 ± 1.3, ranging from 19 to 24.9. Out of 300 patients presenting with benign breast disease, 60 (20%) had a fibroadenoma while 240 (80%) had other benign breast diseases. Out of 136 patients with high BMI, 42 (30.8%) had a fibroadenoma while out of 74 patients with low BMI, eight (10.8%) had a fibroadenoma; however, out of 90 patients with normal BMI, 10 (11.1%) had a fibroadenoma. Our study population showed an increased risk of fibroadenoma formation in the adolescent age group with an OR value of 8.54 (CI 4.38-16.63, P<0.001). There were also additional statistical correlations between higher BMI and the site of the lesion being the upper outer quadrant of the breast (t= 4.326 P<0.01). There was no significant correlation of BMI with size and increased number of lesions (P=0.280 and P=0.175).ConclusionHigh BMI seems to be a substantial risk factor for the development of a fibroadenoma, particularly in young adolescent females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Fibroadenoma

Bhettani¹,

Rehman²,

Altaf³

et al. 2019

Cureus

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“…From a recent meta-analysis, bariatric surgery-and associated physiologic and metabolic changes-significantly reduced all-cause mortality from cancer (~33%-60%). [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131] Retrospective studies found bariatric surgery significantly reduced risk for preand postmenopausal BC as well as skin cancer (including melanoma). 123,132 Of note for subtype-specific BC, bariatric surgery led to a 64% reduced risk in premenopausal ER tumors like TNBC.…”

Section: Tnbcs Also Disproportionately Affect African American Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, through retrospective studies of successful bariatric surgery weight loss studies, some conclusions can be drawn about risk and potential mechanisms to be targeted therapeutically. From a recent meta‐analysis, bariatric surgery—and associated physiologic and metabolic changes—significantly reduced all‐cause mortality from cancer (~33%‐60%) 117‐131 . Retrospective studies found bariatric surgery significantly reduced risk for pre‐ and postmenopausal BC as well as skin cancer (including melanoma) 123,132 .…”

Section: Breast Cancer Obesity and Weigh Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti‐tumor immunity

Sipe

Chaib

Pingili

et al. 2020

Immunological Reviews

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Bile acids (BAs) are known facilitators of nutrient absorption but recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver with subsequent microbial modification and fermentation adding complexity to pool composition. Bile acids act on several receptors such as Farnesoid X Receptor and the G proteincoupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). Interestingly, BA receptors (BARs) are expressed on immune cells and activation either by BAs or BAR agonists modulates innate and adaptive immune cell populations skewing their polarization toward a more tolerogenic anti-inflammatory phenotype. Intriguingly, recent evidence also suggests that BAs promote anti-tumor immune response through activation and recruitment of tumoricidal immune cells such as natural killer T cells. These exciting findings have redefined BA signaling in health and disease wherein they may suppress inflammation on the one hand, yet promote anti-tumor immunity on the other hand. In this review, we provide our readers with the most recent understanding of the interaction of BAs with the host microbiome, their effect on innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease with a special focus on obesity, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer. K E Y W O R D S bariatric surgery, immunometabolism, microbiome, mitochondria, obesity, tumor microenvironment | 221 SIPE Et al.

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“…Sensitization of cellular survival responses by nutrient excess could also have implications for the development of other chronic diseases, such as cancer. There are well‐characterized epidemiological associations between metabolic diseases, such as obesity and T2D, and the development of specific cancers . The molecular links explaining this relationship are only just beginning to be unravelled.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Metabolic And/or Cytoprotective Responses mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic remodelling in obesity and type 2 diabetes: pathological or protective mechanisms in response to nutrient excess?

Connor

Martin

Howlett

et al. 2014

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Altered metabolism in tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is observed in metabolic diseases characterized by nutrient excess and energy imbalance, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations in metabolism can include resistance to the hormone insulin, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and transcriptional remodelling of major metabolic pathways. The underlying assumption has been that these same alterations in metabolism are fundamental to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. An alternative view is that these alterations in metabolism occur to protect cell and tissue viability in the face of constant positive energy balance. This speculative review presents evidence that many of the metabolic adaptations that occur in metabolic diseases characterized by nutrient excess can be viewed as protective in nature, rather than pathogenic per se for disease progression. Finally, we also briefly discuss the usefulness and potential pitfalls of therapeutic approaches that attempt to correct these same metabolic defects when energy balance is not altered, and the potential links between metabolic survival responses and other chronic diseases such as cancer.

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity in a breast clinic population: Consideration for weight loss as a therapeutic intervention

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Fibroadenoma

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Fibroadenoma

Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti‐tumor immunity

Metabolic remodelling in obesity and type 2 diabetes: pathological or protective mechanisms in response to nutrient excess?

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