The Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Their Relationship to Gender, Age, Parity and Mode of Delivery

MacLennan, Alastair H.; Taylor, Anne; Wilson, David H.; Wilson, Don

doi:10.1097/00006254-200106000-00009

Cited by 211 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…This is partly due to the pelvic changes and trauma associated with childbirth, which increases the risk of FI 2.5 to 3 times regardless of delivery method (MacLennan, Taylor, Wilson, & Wilson, 2000). Secondly, FI is often causally related to irritable bowel syndrome and constipation, both of which affect women more frequently than men.…”

Section: Pelvic Floor Dyssynergiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofeedback Treatment for Functional Anorectal Disorders: A Comprehensive Efficacy Review

Palsson

Heymen

Whitehead

2004

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Section: Pelvic Floor Dyssynergiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofeedback Treatment for Functional Anorectal Disorders: A Comprehensive Efficacy Review

Palsson

Heymen

Whitehead

2004

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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“…Another explanation for higher prevalence among women could be pelvic floor dysfunction which is found to be more common among women. [13] The prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction and constipation increases in relation to delivery and number of children after adjusting for age. [13,14] Childbirth can be one factor that contributes to the difference in constipation rates among men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interview study of the experiences of middle-aged women living with constipation

Lämås

Anundsson²,

Stare³

et al. 2014

Clinical Nursing Studies

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Introduction: Constipation is relatively common, especially among women, but little is known about the experience of living with constipation. Aim: To explore the experiences of middle-aged women living with constipation. Design: A qualitative, descriptive design. Result: The women described being constipated as being alone in an excruciating condition where life alternated between feeling tormented and feeling released, and this condition evoked feelings of stress and anxiety. Difficulties in discussing constipation and a lack of support meant that they were alone in their struggle and they felt humiliated when seeking healthcare services. Life was seen as an endless struggle between being mastered by the bowel and mastering the bowel. Conclusion:Even though data has been collected more than five years ago, the experiences described by the women are deemed to be highly valid for today. It is essential that fundamental needs like elimination are satisfied, but constipation problems seems to be neglected in the healthcare system. It is important, therefore, that patients' complaints are taken seriously.

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“…[1] While the etiology of urinary and fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse is almost certainly multifactorial, vaginal parity is the most consistently associated risk factor. [2,3] The marvelous complexity of obstetrical labor and delivery has made it difficult to determine the exact nature of the injury. Various investigators have identified connective tissue disruption, muscle fiber hypoxia, nerve compression injury, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levator ani abnormality 6 weeks after delivery persists at 6 months

Branham

Thomas

Jaffe

et al. 2007

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective: Assess post partum changes in the levator ani muscle using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and relate these changes to obstetrical events and risk factors associated with pelvic floor dysfunction.Study Design: A board certified radiologist specializing in abdominal imaging evaluated 146 pelvic MR studies from 57 primiparas 6 weeks and 6 months after first obstetrical delivery and 32 nulliparas. A yes/no determination of muscle body and insertion integrity, muscle thinning, and measurement of muscle thickness in mm was made for each of four muscle sites: right and left puborectalis, right and left ileococcygeous.Incidence of muscle abnormality and mean muscle thickness were tested in pairs between 1) nulliparas and 6 week primiparas, 2) 6 week and 6 month primipara pairs, and 3) three age/race groups using test of two proportions and one-way anova.Results: Initial review indicated only 3 subjects not of African-American (AA) or Caucasian (W) race, and only 1 AA primipara of age ≥30yrs, therefore statistical analysis was limited to 45 primiparas and 25 nulliparas. Incidence of any abnormality at any of the 4 sites was considered abnormal. Frequency of abnormal muscle by race and age is shown in the In those subjects recovering to normal MR by 6 months, an average of nearly 60% increase in R puborectalis muscle thickness compared to that seen at 6 weeks indicated the extent of the injury. Subjects with injury to both the puborectalis and ileococcygeous at 6 weeks did not recover to normal at 6 months, whereas those with injury only to the puborectalis tended to have normal MR at 6 months. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript Conclusions: Nulliparity did not guarantee a normal assessment of levator ani anatomy by our blinded reader, and frequency of injury in this series is somewhat greater than that previously reported for primiparas. Younger Caucasian primiparas had a better recovery at 6 months than older Caucasians. Subjects experiencing more global injury, in particular to the ileococcygeous, tended not to recover muscle bulk.

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The Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Their Relationship to Gender, Age, Parity and Mode of Delivery

Cited by 211 publications

References 0 publications

Biofeedback Treatment for Functional Anorectal Disorders: A Comprehensive Efficacy Review

Biofeedback Treatment for Functional Anorectal Disorders: A Comprehensive Efficacy Review

An interview study of the experiences of middle-aged women living with constipation

Levator ani abnormality 6 weeks after delivery persists at 6 months

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