The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study

Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz; Kaur, Ikwinder Preet; Patton, Chandler; Mikhail, Nagy H; Vareechon, Chairut; Granet, Kenneth

doi:10.1017/ice.2020.298

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The majority of studies was conducted in Europe (n=31), and then in North America (n=9), Asia (n=6), and Africa (n=3). In particular, nine studies was conducted in USA [ 14 , 15 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 34 , 40 ], eight studies in Italy [ 23 , 28 , 30 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 56 , 57 ], seven studies in United Kingdom [ 16 , 17 , 20 , 25 , 33 , 59 , 61 ], five studies in Germany [ 21 , 35 , 42 , 43 , 46 ], four studies in Spain [ 31 , 38 , 49 , 52 ], and three studies in and Japan [ 53 , 58 , 62 ], Belgium [ 18 , 19 , 22 ] and China [ 47 , 48 , 51 ]. Twenty-nine studies did not report the response rate [ [15] , [16] , [17] , 20 , 24 , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [32] , [33] , [34] , 38 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , 45 , 47 , 48 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Galanis

Vraka

Fragkou

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

304

308

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Background Health care workers (HCWs) represent a high risk population for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Aim To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs, and to find out the factors that are associated with this seroprevalence. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were applied for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and pre-print services (medRχiv and bioRχiv) were searched from inception up to August 24, 2020. Findings Forty-nine studies, including 127,480 HCWs met the inclusion criteria. The estimated overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs was 8.7% (95% CI: 6.7-10.9%). Seroprevalence was higher in studies that were conducted in North America (12.7%) compared to those in Europe (8.5%), Africa (8.2), and Asia (4%). Meta-regression showed that increased sensitivity of antibodies test was associated with increased seroprevalence. The following factors were associated with seropositivity: male gender, Black, Asian, and Hispanic HCWs, work in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unit, patient-related work, frontline health care workers, health care assistants, personal protective equipment shortage, self-reported belief for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, previous positive polymerase chain reaction test, and household contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Conclusion The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs is high. Excellent adherence to infection prevention and control measures, sufficient and adequate personal protective equipment, and early recognition, identification and isolation of HCWs that are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are imperative to decrease the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Galanis

Vraka

Fragkou

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

304

308

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering that there had been many SARS-CoV-2 infected HCWs in Wuhan during the early phase of outbreak, these data suggest that preparedness of HCWs would be essential. Other data reported various sero-positive rates of COVID-19 caring HCWs, from 0.83% (of 134 ICU HCWs, NJ, USA [ 17 ]) to 32.6% (of 285 HCWs, NY, USA [ 18 ]). These seroprevalences COVID-19 caring HCWs might be affected not only by ICP protocols, but also largely by local outbreak burdens, as sero-prevalences of non-COVID-19 caring HCWs were also high in regions of high outbreak burdens [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibody Production in Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 Patients, in Comparison with Pneumonic COVID-19 Patients

Joo

Park

et al. 2020

JCM

119

105

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Objectives: To investigate antibody production in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients. Methods: Sera from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19 patients were collected. Microneutralization (MN), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. Results: A total of 70 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were evaluated, including 15 asymptomatic/anosmia, 49 mild symptomatic, and 6 pneumonia patients. The production of the neutralizing antibody was observed in 100% of pneumonia, 93.9% of mild symptomatic, and 80.0% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups. All the patients in the pneumonia group showed high MN titer (≥1:80), while 36.7% of mild symptomatic and 20.0% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed high titer (p < 0.001). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be more sensitively detected by FIA IgG (98.8%) and ELISA (97.6%) in overall. For the FIA IgG test, all patients in the pneumonia group exhibited a high COI value (≥15.0), while 89.8% of mild symptomatic and 73.3% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed a high value (p = 0.049). For the ELISA test, all patients in the pneumonia group showed a high optical density (OD) ratio (≥3.0), while 65.3% of mild symptomatic and 53.3% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed a high ratio (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Most asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients produced the neutralizing antibody, although the titers were lower than pneumonia patients. ELISA and FIA sensitively detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

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“…In studies from Wuhan, at the beginning of the outbreak, the infection rate among HCWs was 1.1% (13), and in a recent study, the infection rate among HCWs was 1.8% (14). In a study from New Jersey, the rate of antibody positivity among 121 intensive care units was reported as 0.83% (15). Considering such a low rate of antibody level among the HCWs indicates that infection control practices were successful in preventing the infection among HCWs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers

Madran

Keske

Beşli

et al. 2020

Infect Dis Clin Microbiol

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Objective: We aimed to describe the risks of health care workers (HCWs) getting COVID-19, and analyze the transmission routes and dynamics of the infection. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. We screened 624 HCWs from April 1 to May 15, 2020, in a hospital with 300 hospital beds, in Istanbul, Turkey. All the HCWs working at high-risk areas (COVID wards, emergency departments, and intensive care units) were routinely screened every four weeks. The HCWs were grouped as high, moderate, low and none according to their risk of infection. Results: Out of 1300 total HCWs, 42 (3.2%) were diagnosed as COVID-19, 39 (3%) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Among 42 symptomatic cases, 26 (62%) HCWs were hospitalized, mainly because of isolation needs, 62% received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, 11.5% HCQ + azithromycin, and 11.5% favipiravir only. All survived. We detected nine asymptomatic cases out of 550 HCWs (1.6%) in our screening for antibody levels. In none of the nine asymptomatic HCWs, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected by PCR. In multivariate analysis for detecting the risk factors of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, working in high-risk areas (OR:5.2, CI:1.99-13.6, p=0.001), and not to use proper personal protective equipment (PPE) (OR:5.9, CI:1.66-21.2, p=0.006) increased the risk of infection. Conclusion: Routine screening of asymptomatic HCWs with antibody tests might be useful, but its effectiveness was limited. The HCWs working in high-risk areas had significantly higher risk. The strict use of appropriate PPE was effective in prevention.

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The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study

Abstract: Financial support. No financial support was provided relevant to this article. Conflicts of interest.All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neutralizing Antibody Production in Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 Patients, in Comparison with Pneumonic COVID-19 Patients

The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers

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