The Prevalence of Symptomatic Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis and Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Women in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Pondei, Kemebradikumo; Jeremiah, Israel; Lawani, Ebidor; Nsikak, Etim

doi:10.9734/isrr/2017/32057

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is in agreement with report by Idakwo et al [18]. However, Mascarenhas et al [6], Pondei et al [34] reported co-infections by Candida species and T. vaginalis. Differences may be due to variations in methodology, level of awareness and poor personal hygiene.…”

Section: T Oparaugo Et Al Advances In Reproductive Sciencessupporting

confidence: 92%

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Vaginitis among Women of Reproductive Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Oparaugo¹,

Iwalokun²,

Nwaokorie³

et al. 2022

ARSci

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Background: Vaginitis is an important public health problem globally. It is associated with gynaecological and obstetric complications. Vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis are mainly responsible for vaginitis. The aim of this study is to determine the occurrence, clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age attending Primary Health Care centres in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 258 women with genital complaints after obtaining their informed written consent between May 2017 and March 2018. Structured questionnaires were administered and high vaginal swabs were collected for laboratory examination. The results were analysed with descriptive statistics, chi-square and simple logistic regression. Results: Out of the 210 (81.4%) of the women with one or more vaginal infections, 105 (50.0%), 26 (12.4%) had bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis respectively while 78 (37.1%) had both vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Only 1 (0.5%) participant had trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. History of abortion and age below 25 years

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Section: T Oparaugo Et Al Advances In Reproductive Sciencessupporting

confidence: 92%

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Vaginitis among Women of Reproductive Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Oparaugo¹,

Iwalokun²,

Nwaokorie³

et al. 2022

ARSci

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“…Some studies have reported the highest vulvovaginitis prevalence in the age range [24,27] and education level [33] similar to our results. In India, Nigeria, and Sari (Iran), the highest incidence was in the age range 20-35 years [1,12,34], and in Yemen, Nepal, and Ethiopia, the women with the educational level of illiterate, primary and high school showed the highest prevalence rate [29,31,32]. Our results also showed no significant relationship between the incidence of infection and the age or education of the patients (P>0.05).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…In the current study, high FBS levels and long-term diabetes, the two most important contributing factors, were significantly correlated (P<0.001) with the RVVC prevalence. Many reports from Iran and other countries have indicated a significant relationship between the recurrence of severe infection and FBS levels [19,24,29,34,36] as well as long-term uncontrolled diabetes [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Frequency of Candida glabrata in Diabetic Women of Tehran with Recurrent and Non-recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Using PCR-RFLP Assay

Paknejadi

Bayat

Razavilar

2019

JoMMID

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INTRODUCTION Vaginitis is one of the most prevalent reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among sexually active women. Annually, about 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur worldwide, mostly in developing countries [1, 2]. After bacterial infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis is believed to be responsible for approximately one-third of vaginitis cases [3, 4]. However, some studies indicate a higher prevalence of Candida infection compared to bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis [5, 6, 7]. About %75 of healthy women within the age range of 25-50 years have experienced non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime, but 5% to 20% are prone to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) at least four times during a year [7-9]. Candida species are part of normal flora in the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract; however, in the presence of predisposing factors, they can appear as an opportunistic agent causing severe infections. The most critical predisposing factors include immunosuppressive diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy, lack of personal hygiene, estrogen contraceptives, high sexual activity or high-risk behaviors, prescription of improper drug, self-treatment and prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, incomplete or extended use of antimycotics, and resistance of Candida species to azoles [10-13]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for severe infections caused by different Candida species. Women with VVC and DM, particularly those with poorly controlled hyperglycemia, are prone to develop RVVC caused by nonalbicans Candida (NAC) species [14-16]. Non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is an uncomplicated and mild disease which is mainly prevalent among healthy women infected with Candida albicans, while recurrent VVC is a complicated and more severe disease often caused by drugresistant NAC species in immunocompromised women [14-16]. Candida albicans is known as the primary cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, however; today, NAC species, especially C. glabrata, which is intrinsically resistant to a vast range of azoles and antifungal compounds are on the Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women, especially in diabetic patients. The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections caused by drug-resistant non-albicans species necessitates further studies on diabetic patients and the identification of causative agents by reliable molecular techniques. The obtained results can assist in adopting proper treatment procedures and prevention of recurrent vulvovaginitis (RVVC). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 vaginal discharge samples were collected from diabetic women suspected of candidiasis referring to health centers in Tehran province. Following the culture of samples on SDA, CHROMagar Candida and PCR-RFLP were used for presumptive and definitive identification of Candida species, respecti...

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“…Recent studies have confirmed that the Trichomonas vaginal parasite is a catalyst for HIV transmission, and it also increases the chance of cervical cancer. In women's and men's prostates (13), 50% of cases infected with Trichomonas vaginalis are without symptoms, but women show a higher sensitivity than men with symptoms of unpleasant odor, itching, pain during intercourse, and sometimes dysuria (14). Red color in the vagina around the neck is accompanied by the appearance of some types of fungi (15).…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginalis Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogens

Al-Abodi

2023

BJBNT

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There are many pathogens in the reproductive system in both women and men, which are largely responsible for the death of thousands of women as a result of incorrect diagnosis and failure to treat diseases of the reproductive system such as uterine cancer, ectopic pregnancy, acute and chronic infections of the uterus and Fallopian tubes, puerperal infections, and in the event that the patient survived death. These diseases have bad effects, including infertility, miscarriage, fetal death, birth of low-weight fetuses, fetal blindness, pneumonia, and mental retardation. These diseases are transmitted through the mucous membranes during vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse with a person who is infected or passed from mother to fetus. Wrong sexual behaviors also lead to the acquisition of genital infections. The incidence of reproductive system diseases in women is 50%, especially at an early age, compared to 25% for men, and affects them more severely. According to studies, two-thirds of cases of sexually transmitted diseases are obtained in their teens or twenties. There is limited access to health care for women infected with these diseases in developing countries, as health care is often provided in these countries through a range of services for individuals, family planning clinics, reproductive health centers, and public hospitals. However, in developing countries, untrained people provide treatment without accurate diagnosis of the disease, which increases the exacerbation of sexually transmitted diseases, whereas the situation is much better in developed countries.

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The Prevalence of Symptomatic Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis and Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Women in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Vaginitis among Women of Reproductive Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Vaginitis among Women of Reproductive Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Investigating the Frequency of Candida glabrata in Diabetic Women of Tehran with Recurrent and Non-recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Using PCR-RFLP Assay

Association between Trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogens

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