The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in people with mental retardation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs and tooth wear levels in a group of hospitalised patients with mental retardation (MR). A total of 118 patients with MR and 104 mentally healthy individuals (control) were included in this study. The groups consisted of equal numbers of male and female patients. TMD signs were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria to assess the limitation in maximum mouth opening, the alterations in the mouth opening pathway and temporomandibular joint sounds. In addition, tooth wear was recorded. The frequency of at least one sign of TMD observed in patients with MR (79·7%) was significantly higher than in controls (69·2%) (P=0.03). In addition, 43.2% of the patients with MR had more than one sign of TMD compared with 28.8% of the control group (P = 0·02). Prevalence of each sign exhibited in the MR and control groups was as follows: limitation in mouth opening, 24·6% vs. 13·5% (P=0·02); deviation, 18·6% vs. 26·9% (P=0·001); deflection, 29·7% vs. 10·6% (P=0·001); TMJ sounds, 46·6% vs. 41·1% (P=0·43); bilateral joint sounds 28·8% vs. 16·3% (P=0·05) respectively. Prevalences of TMD signs were not different between genders in both groups (P>0·05). Severe tooth wear was evident in 43·2% of the patients with MR compared with 20·6% of the controls (P=0·001). In conclusion, patients with MR seem to be more prone to having TMD signs compared with the control population.

Cerebral palsy and bruxism: Effects of botulinum toxin injections—A randomized controlled trial

“…(Fernandes, Franco, Siqueira, Goncalves, & Camparis, ) The prevalence of TMD(Dworkin & LeResche, ) is considerable among young patients with CP, up to 68%,(Miamoto et al, ; Ortega, Guimaraes, Ciamponi, & Marie, ) as well as in patients with mental retardation. (Gurbuz, Kursoglu, Alatas, & Altinbas, ) Further, dental attrition/erosion, a possible consequence of spasticity/bruxism, is substantial in subjects with CP and significantly higher than in age‐matched controls. (Goncalves, Carmagnani, Correa, Duarte, & Santos, ) Reduced and altered saliva and frequent gastroesophageal reflux also play an important role in dental attrition/erosion.…”

Caracterización de alteraciones craneofaciales en población con necesidades especiales: autismo y retardo mental. Revisión sistemática de la literatura / Craniofacial Abnormalities in Special-Needs Population. Systematic Review of Literature

“…El Como resultado de la mala configuración craneofacial, en niños con discapacidad visual y RM se presentan con alta frecuencia anomalías asociadas al mal control muscular y mal funcionamiento de la cavidad oral. Se incluyen: diastema de línea media, microdoncia, dientes retenidos, dens invaginatus, frenillo sobreinsertado en labio superior y lengua (1,26), lengua fisurada con punteado suave e hipodoncia (21-23), además de una frecuencia significativamente mayor de maloclusión severa y agenesias dentales (24,27).…”

“…Otras anomalías que tienen lugar son dientes ausentes (30 %), hipoplasias dentales (30 %), diastemas interdentales (40 %) y paladar profundo (ojival) en al menos un 20 % de los niños con RM. Es importante saber que los niños con RM presentan, además, mala higiene bucal, caries y cálculos gingivales (70-80 %) y enfermedad periodontal (27,28). Además, existe evidencia de que los pacientes con trastornos mentales son más vulnerables a desarrollar signos de trastornos temporomandibulares y desgastes dentales excesivos, asociados estos a la existencia de hábitos como bruxismo o apretamiento dental parafuncional (27).…”

Advanced maxillofacial imaging for temporomandibular disorder in special needs patients

“…Although the exact etiology of TMD remains unknown, it is currently considered to be multifactorial . Biomechanical, neuromuscular, neurobiological and psychological factors are involved in the development and progression of the disorder …”

“…Patients suffering from developmental disorders, including mental retardation (MR), are at a markedly higher risk for developing signs and symptoms of TMD . According to Gurbuz et al., the prevalence of at least one sign of TMD found in patients with MR was greater than in the control group, which were 79.7% and 69.2%, respectively . A possible explanation is that individuals with special needs may suffer from prolonged stress and emotional distress, which can lead to the development of TMD .…”