The prevalence of urogenital micro-organisms detected by a multiplex PCR–reverse line blot assay in women attending three sexual health clinics in Sydney, Australia

McKechnie, Michelle L.; Hillman, Richard J.; Jones, R. F.; Lowe, P; Couldwell, Deborah L.; Davies, Stephen; King, Fiona; Kong, Fanrong; Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.029108-0

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We found no association between U. parvum or U. urealyticum and symptom status. To our knowledge, three studies have been performed regarding this topic [17][18][19]. In the study by McKechnie et al [18], there were no significant differences in the detection of U. parvum and U. urealyticum between symptomatic and asymptomatic Australian women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To our knowledge, three studies have been performed regarding this topic [17][18][19]. In the study by McKechnie et al [18], there were no significant differences in the detection of U. parvum and U. urealyticum between symptomatic and asymptomatic Australian women. In the Croatian study by Hunjak et al, there were no significant differences between U. parvum-and U. urealyticum-positive individuals regarding symptoms [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum detected with the same frequency among women with and without symptoms of urogenital tract infection

Marovt

Keše

Kotar

et al. 2015

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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There is mounting evidence stating that Ureaplasma urealyticum causes non-gonococcal urethritis in males, whereas Ureaplasma parvum does not seem to be of clinical significance. However, the clinical role of U. parvum and U. urealyticum in lower urogenital tract infections in females remains unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of U. parvum and U. urealyticum among 145 Ureaplasma spp. culture-positive women with symptoms of lower urogenital tract infection (n = 75) and those without (n = 70), and to determine possible associations between the detection of U. parvum and U. urealyticum with selected characteristics. Endocervical, urethral, and vaginal swabs, and first voided urine were obtained. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to differentiate ureaplasmas. No significant association between the detection of U. parvum or U. urealyticum and symptom status was found. Significantly more women aged 25 years and younger were infected with U. urealyticum (23.4 %) compared to those aged above 25 years (9.2 %) [odds ratio (OR) 3.0 (1.1; 8.1); p = 0.03] and significantly less women aged 25 years and younger (83.5 %) were infected with U. parvum compared to those aged above 25 years (95.5 %) [OR 0.2 (0.1; 0.9); p = 0.03]. The detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly associated to both U. parvum and U. urealyticum (p = 0.021), and to U. parvum alone with borderline significance (p = 0.063). Although neither U. parvum nor U. urealyticum seem to cause symptoms in females, their role in the female urogenital tract remains unknown, taking into account their ubiquity, possible augmentation of the urogenital microenvironment, and ascending capability to the sterile upper reproductive tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum detected with the same frequency among women with and without symptoms of urogenital tract infection

Marovt

Keše

Kotar

et al. 2015

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…For studies conducted at sexual health clinics, the majority (7) were retrospective audits of patient records [36,38,39,41,43,44,48,57], five were cross-sectional surveys [34,37,40,42,47] and two were sentinel surveillance reports [45,46]. Sample sizes varied greatly, from 175 [42] to 59,720 [46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample sizes varied greatly, from 175 [42] to 59,720 [46]. Six studies provided estimates for women only [34,37,40,42,43,47], three for men only [35,41,48], and four for both males and females [36,38,39,45,46]; one study did not differentiate between males and females [44]. Prevalence estimate ranges were 5.3–13.4% for males and 0.6–13.0% for females, although the study with a prevalence of 0.6% excluded women <18 years and those with pelvic inflammatory disease [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundChlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection in Australia. This report aims to measure the burden of chlamydia infection by systematically reviewing reports on prevalence in Australian populations.MethodsElectronic databases and conference websites were searched from 1997–2011 using the terms ‘Chlamydia trachomatis’ OR ‘chlamydia’ AND ‘prevalence’ OR ‘epidemiology’ AND ‘Australia’. Reference lists were checked and researchers contacted for additional literature. Studies were categorised by setting and participants, and meta-analysis conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates for each category.ResultsSeventy-six studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. There was a high level of heterogeneity between studies; however, there was a trend towards higher chlamydia prevalence in younger populations, Indigenous Australians, and those attending sexual health centres. In community or general practice settings, pooled prevalence for women <25 years in studies conducted post-2005 was 5.0% (95% CI: 3.1, 6.9; five studies), and for men <30 years over the entire review period was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.7, 5.1; six studies). For young Australians aged <25 years attending sexual health, family planning or youth clinics, estimated prevalence was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.1, 7.4; 10 studies) for women and 10.2% (95% CI: 9.5, 10.9; five studies) for men. Other key findings include pooled prevalence estimates of 22.1% (95% CI: 19.0, 25.3; three studies) for Indigenous women <25 years, 14.6% (95% CI: 11.5, 17.8; three studies) for Indigenous men <25 years, and 5.6% (95% CI: 4.8, 6.3; 11 studies) for rectal infection in men who have sex with men. Several studies failed to report basic demographic details such as sex and age, and were therefore excluded from the analysis.ConclusionsChlamydia trachomatis infections are a significant health burden in Australia; however, accurate estimation of chlamydia prevalence in Australian sub-populations is limited by heterogeneity within surveyed populations, and variations in sampling methodologies and data reporting. There is a need for more large, population-based studies and prospective cohort studies to compliment mandatory notification data.

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“…However, M. genitalium has not been detected in any cpn 60-based studies of the human vaginal microbiome to date [28-30]. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma are commonly reported vaginal constituents [57,58], further supporting the suggestion that these organisms are part of the vaginal microbiota of many clinically healthy women. As well, deep sequencing revealed seven novel Mollicutes-like sequences that could indicate uncharacterized species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of healthy Canadian women through the menstrual cycle

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe vaginal microbial community plays a vital role in maintaining women’s health. Understanding the precise bacterial composition is challenging because of the diverse and difficult-to-culture nature of many bacterial constituents, necessitating culture-independent methodology. During a natural menstrual cycle, physiological changes could have an impact on bacterial growth, colonization, and community structure. The objective of this study was to assess the stability of the vaginal microbiome of healthy Canadian women throughout a menstrual cycle by using cpn60-based microbiota analysis. Vaginal swabs from 27 naturally cycling reproductive-age women were collected weekly through a single menstrual cycle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the universal target region of the cpn60 gene and generate amplicons representative of the microbial community. Amplicons were pyrosequenced, assembled into operational taxonomic units, and analyzed. Samples were also assayed for total 16S rRNA gene content and Gardnerella vaginalis by quantitative PCR and screened for the presence of Mollicutes by using family and genus-specific PCR.ResultsOverall, the vaginal microbiome of most women remained relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle, with little variation in diversity and only modest fluctuations in species richness. Microbiomes between women were more different than were those collected consecutively from individual women. Clustering of microbial profiles revealed the expected groupings dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. Interestingly, two additional clusters were dominated by either Bifidobacterium breve or a heterogeneous mixture of nonlactobacilli. Direct G. vaginalis quantification correlated strongly with its pyrosequencing-read abundance, and Mollicutes, including Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum, were detected in most samples.ConclusionsOur cpn60-based investigation of the vaginal microbiome demonstrated that in healthy women most vaginal microbiomes remained stable through their menstrual cycle. Of interest in these findings was the presence of Bifidobacteriales beyond just Gardnerella species. Bifidobacteriales are frequently underrepresented in 16S rRNA gene-based studies, and their detection by cpn60-based investigation suggests that their significance in the vaginal community may be underappreciated.

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The prevalence of urogenital micro-organisms detected by a multiplex PCR–reverse line blot assay in women attending three sexual health clinics in Sydney, Australia

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum detected with the same frequency among women with and without symptoms of urogenital tract infection

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum detected with the same frequency among women with and without symptoms of urogenital tract infection

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of healthy Canadian women through the menstrual cycle

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