The Prevalence Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains Among Outpatients With Urinary Tract Infection In Zakho City, Iraq

Ibrahim, Mohamed; Khalid, Haval Mohammed; Mer, Wijdan M S

doi:10.29350/qjps.2021.26.5.1366

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While the longer length of urethra in males and antibacterial activity of the prostatic fluid make males less prone to UTI [20]. The present result is consistent with the results of a recent study which reported a higher incidence of UTI caused by E. coli in females [21]. Although infection of the urinary tract can effect individuals of all age groups, but age associated trends shows that it is most prevalent in the age group 20-40 years which is consistent with the present findings [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibiogram Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Saad¹,

Hussein²,

Al-Shakir³

2022

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is considered one of the main causes of urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health care issue, particularly with regard to urinary tract infections. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. Two-hundred and sixty-four mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection who visited Baghdad teaching Hospital. These samples were routinely cultured on different media and E. coli was identified using conventional methods and confirmed by VITEK-2 system. Following diagnosis, 10 different types of antibiotics were tested for their sensitivity on E. coli strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 264 urine samples, 175 (66%) contained Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was the most common uropathogenic isolate (38%), followed by K. pneumoniae (16%) and Streptococcus epidermidis (12%). The majority of uropathogenic E. coli showed the most rate of resistance to Amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim/Slfamethoxazole & tetracycline (88%, 80%,75%, 67%, 65.0% and 57% respectively). Ninty-three percentage were sensitive to Meropenem, followed by Nitrufurnantion and Chloramphenicole (75.0% and 68.0%) respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that E. coli is the main pathogen inflicting UTIs on patients. Amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim/Slfamethoxazole & tetracycline were among the antibiotics with the highest rates of resistance. In light of this study, local sensitivity patterns rather than international guidelines should be the basis for empirical antibiotic therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibiogram Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Saad¹,

Hussein²,

Al-Shakir³

2022

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“…According to the data, the present study found that females make up the majority of UTI cases compared to males, which is consistent with the findings of most prior studies [18][19][20], because of the structural differences between males and females, the length of the urethra in women is shorter than in men. As a result, bacteria have a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder in women [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determine the Prevalence of Pathogens and Their Antibiotics Sensitivity for Patients Suffering from Urinary Tract Infections in Babylon, Iraq

Kamel,

Ali

2024

SAR J Pathol Microbiol

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered one of the most common infectious diseases, affecting most people of all age. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the types of common bacteria causing UTIs and to measure the sensitivity of antibiotics to different bacteria. Materials and Methods: The current study included 208 of young group patients (aged 18 - 50 years) clinically suspected of having a UTIs. Out of 208 samples, the culture results showed that only 100 samples were positive for the presence of significant bacteria. Samples (midstream urine) were collected in a sterile tube, and significant results were shown for the isolated bacteria on selective media, identified by the VITEK-2 system. Then the Kirby-Bauer method was used to perform antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The most common bacteria identified included; Escherichia coli (68.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (6.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.8%), (3.8%) for both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, While Streptococcus agalactiae accounted for (1.9%), Proteus mirabillus and Serratia marcescens (0.9%) for all of them. Moreover, there was mixed bacterial growth. Results revealed E. coli was sensitive to Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin and resistant to Tobramycin and Amikacin. Meanwhile, K. pneumoniae was completely sensitive to Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin with utterly resistant to Piperacillin. P. aeruginosae was sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem and resistant to Azithromycin, Tobramycin, Ceftriaxone and levofloxacin. Whereas, S.aureus was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin and resistant to Trimethoprim and Azithromycin, E. faecalis was sensitive to Vancomycin with resistant to Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The study concluded that females are more susceptible to UTIs than to males. In addition, females with UTIs tend to be younger than males. E. coli is the most common isolate among bacteria that cause UTIs. Study revealed that Imipenem remains the most potent treatment for inhibiting most types of bacteria causing UTIs, in addition, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin can be considered a potential treatment option.

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“…In the present study, the frequency APN was higher among females, with 38 (90.5%) of CA-APN and 43 (78.2%) of HCA-APN cases occurring in female patients. This finding is concordant with several previously conducted studies in Iraq and Iran (Naqid et al, 2020, Vakilzadeh et al, 2020, Ibrahim et al, 2021, Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022. This can be justified by an increased number of women being susceptibility to UTIs due to several factors including basic anatomy of shorter urethra, hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, and genetic factors (Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

Taha,

Abd,

Abdulkareem

et al. 2023

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res.

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The aims of this study were to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of community associated acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) or healthcare associated APN (HCA-APN), to determine risk factors linked with APN, and to identify the microbiological profile and its susceptibility patterns to antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2022 at the nephrology unit of Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan. Urine and blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with APN. These samples were investigated to identify the microbiologic profile of the infecting organisms and determine their antibiotic susceptibility results. From a total of 97 adult and elderly APN patients, 55 (56.7%) were classified as HCA-APN, while 42 (43.3%) were classified as CA-APN. In the univariate analysis, age ≥ 65, catheterization, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurologic disease, chronic pulmonary disease, PCT level, and ANC were identified as significant risk factors for HCA-APN compared to CA-APN. Patients with catheterization and CVD history showed independent association in the multivariate analysis. The overall mortality rate was 11.3%, which was significantly associated with HCA-APN (P = 0.002). Considering the microbiological profile, Escherichia coli uropathogen (n=61) was the predominant isolated bacteria followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=17). High antibiotic resistance rates were observed in fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporin classes among E. coli uropathogen in both CA-APN and HCA-APN patients, with a rate of 74.5 % and 63.9%, respectively. In conclusion, there is an increase in mortality rate regarding HCA-APN. The HCA-APN characteristics should be considered when prescribing empiric antibiotics. In our local setting, carbapenems are effective empiric therapies against enterobacteraceae uropathogens, for both HCA-APN and CA-APN. In order to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, implementing surveillance systems, infection prevention and control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship programs within our healthcare setting is crucial. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2023, 9 (3), 59-69

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The Prevalence Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains Among Outpatients With Urinary Tract Infection In Zakho City, Iraq

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Antibiogram Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Antibiogram Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Determine the Prevalence of Pathogens and Their Antibiotics Sensitivity for Patients Suffering from Urinary Tract Infections in Babylon, Iraq

Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

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