The Prevention of Breast Cancer: An Overview

Leris, Clare; Mokbel, Kefah

doi:10.1185/030079901750120187

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…TAM presently represents the most efficacious prophylactic therapy for women at high risk of developing hormone-dependent breast cancer [13,14]. While it primarily acts as an antiestrogen, TAM also exerts estrogenic effects on various tissues, including bone and the reproductive tract [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TAM is currently the most commonly used first-line therapy for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer [13][14][15] and has substantial potential as a prophylactic treatment for women with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer [16]. TAM reduces the proliferation of normal and neoplastic rodent and human breast cells by several mechanisms that lead to apoptosis [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Neonatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol, Tamoxifen, and Toremifene on the BALB/c Mouse Mammary Gland1

Hovey¹,

Asai‐Sato²,

Wärri³

et al. 2005

Biology of Reproduction

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In this study, we compared the long-term effects of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.0125-50 microg), tamoxifen (TAM, 0.0125-50 microg), and toremifene (TOR, 53 microg) on mammary gland development and differentiation. Allometric growth of the mammary ducts was stimulated by neonatal DES exposure (12.5 microg) and impaired by exposure to TAM (25 microg). Neonatal treatment with high doses of DES resulted in mammary ducts that displayed extensive dilatation and precocious lactogenesis in postpubertal, nulliparous females. Initiation of this precocious differentiation coincided with the absence of corpora lutea, increased levels of serum prolactin (PRL), and the induction of Prl mRNA expression within the mammary glands. Neonatal exposure to 1.25 microg TAM increased alveolar development in postpubertal, nulliparous females similar to that recorded in females treated with low doses of DES. Lower doses of TAM did not affect alveolar development, whereas branching morphogenesis and alveolar development were impaired by higher doses. Increased alveolar development in females exposed to 1.25 microg TAM was associated with elevated serum progesterone (P) and increased alveolar development in response to exogenous P. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that neonatal exposure to both DES and TAM exerts long-lasting effects on the proliferation and differentiation of the mammary glands in female BALB/c, primarily as the result of endocrine disruption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Neonatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol, Tamoxifen, and Toremifene on the BALB/c Mouse Mammary Gland1

Hovey¹,

Asai‐Sato²,

Wärri³

et al. 2005

Biology of Reproduction

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“…1 Genetic testing has identified women carrying an 85% lifetime predisposition to breast adenocarcinoma. 2 To reduce the incidence of malignancy, prophylactic mastectomy has been proposed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Breast Reconstruction with the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap

Guerra

Metzinger

Bidros

et al. 2004

Annals of Plastic Surgery

129

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Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy can reduce the incidence of breast cancer by 87 to 93% in high-risk individuals and is an appealing option for many patients if reconstruction can be provided with acceptable morbidity and outstanding esthetic results. Autogenous breast reconstruction techniques have evolved over the last 20 years to meet this goal. Familiarity with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap led us to carry out simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction with acceptable morbidity and superior esthetic outcome in 3 patient groups: (1) after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, (2) after therapeutic and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, and (3) after explantation of bilateral implant failures. A retrospective review of our experience with 280 flaps in 140 patients was performed. Average operating times, including time for implant removal or mastectomy and reconstruction, was 7.3 hours. Average hospitalization was 3.9 days. Significant perioperative complications occurred in 9 patients (6.4%); all returned to the operating room. This included 7 microvascular complications, 1 hematoma, 1 seroma, and 1 DVT. Less significant complications were divided into early and late. The early complications included 1.8% partial flap necrosis, 4.2% abdominal apron necrosis greater than 5 cm2, 2.9% seromas that required intervention, and 5.7% partial breast flap dehiscence. Late complications included 12.5% fat necrosis of any size and 2.1% hernia formation. Smoking, obesity, age, history of chest wall radiation, and flap size were evaluated as risk factors for increased morbidity.

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“…We previously reviewed the literature regarding the prevention of breast cancer 1 , and concluded that specific lifestyle modifications (regular exercise, reduced alcohol intake, avoidance of postmenopausal obesity), tamoxifen and prophylactic mastectomy were associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk. We also discussed the conflicting results and controversies regarding tamoxifen as a chemopreventative agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Chemoprevention-An Update

Mokbel

Singh-Ranger

2002

Current Medical Research and Opinion

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This article reviews the recent findings of the IBIS-1 and ATAC trials regarding the role of tamoxifen and anastrozole in the chemoprevention of breast cancer. It also emphasises the need to individualise chemoprevention strategies, and to identify high-risk women who are most likely to develop oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The prevention of ER-negative disease requires further research, and is likely to be challenging.

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The Prevention of Breast Cancer: An Overview

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Neonatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol, Tamoxifen, and Toremifene on the BALB/c Mouse Mammary Gland1

Effects of Neonatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol, Tamoxifen, and Toremifene on the BALB/c Mouse Mammary Gland1

Bilateral Breast Reconstruction with the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap

Breast Cancer Chemoprevention-An Update

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