The preventive effect of ginkgo biloba extract in myringosclerosis: Study in rats

Abstract

Formation of experimental myringosclerosis was reduced or inhibited and tympanic membranes were thinner after systemic Ginkgo biloba extract administration.

The effect of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort) on prevention of myringosclerosis after myringotomy in a rat model

“…In some studies, several free radical scavengers were used to prevent the development of MS in TM [7][8][9][10][11][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Mattson et al reported that copper zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase and deferrioxamine prevented the development of MS [19].…”

“…In a study from Kazikdas et al, have reported that the occurrence of myringosclerosis following experimental myringotomy could be hindered by systemic melatonin treatment [10]. Emir et al Investigated the effect of systemic Ginkgo biloba extract administration and reported that formation of experimental myringosclerosis was reduced or inhibited as well as tympanic membranes were found to be thinner [11]. Song et al used caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE), a biologically active ingredient in propolis, and Dogan et al used N-nitro L-arginine metyl ester (L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and they concluded that treatment with either CAPE or L-NAME provided reduction in inflammation as well as fibrosis in lamina propria of TM and prevented the formation of MS [2,3].…”

“…Therefore, MS may be prevented or reduced by administration of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant agents which can inhibit the harmful effects of oxygen derived free radicals. For this purpose, several free radical scavengers have been used to reduce the formation of MS after experimental myringotomy in previous reports [2,3,[7][8][9][10][11].…”

The Impact of Systemic and Local Administration of Ascorbic Acid on Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane and Myringosclerosis

“…Histopathological examination was performed on the 15 th postoperative day, in accordance with previously performed and published studies [8][9][10][11] .…”

The preventive effect of N-nitro l-arginine methyl ester in experimentally induced myringosclerosis

“…MS occurs as a result of the healing process with fibrosis and calcification seen after irreversible tissue damage. Consequently, it was aimed to inhibit the production and harmful effects of oxygen derived free radicals to prevent MS. Several free radical scavengers, antioxidants and antiinflammatory drugs have been used for this purpose [1,4,[6][7][8][9].…”