The Prey and Predators of Loxosceles Intermedia Mello-Leitão 1934 (Araneae, Sicariidae)

Fischer, Marta Luciane; Vasconcellos‐Neto, João; Santos-Neto, Luiz Gonzaga dos

doi:10.1636/m03-51.1

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In spite of their abundance, isopods are not a frequent prey of spiders. Euryphagous generalists have been observed to feed on them only occasionally (Bristowe, 1941;Pötzsch, 1966;Sunderland & Sutton, 1980;Eberhard, 1992;Fischer, Vasconcellos-Neto & Gonzaga dos Santos Neto, 2006). Predominant crustaceophagy exists in a few families, mainly of the cursorial guild (see online Table S2).…”

Section: Ecological Context: Overview Of Stenophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

2014

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Predators appear to be less frequently specialised (i.e. adapted to restricted diet) on their prey than herbivores, parasites or parasitoids. Here, we critically evaluate contemporary evolutionary hypotheses that might be used to explain the evolution of specialised foraging in predators. We propose a unifying concept within which we define four types of trophic categories using ecological (diet breadth) and evolutionary (degree of adaptations) contexts. We use data on spiders (Araneae), the most diversified order of terrestrial predators, to assess applicability of frameworks and evolutionary concepts related to trophic specialisation. The majority of spider species are euryphagous but a few have a restricted prey range, i.e. they are stenophagous. We provide a detailed overview of specialisation on different prey types, namely spiders, crustaceans, moths, dipterans, ants, and termites. We also review the available evidence for trophic adaptations, classified into four categories: behavioural, morphological, venomic and metabolic. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of trophic specialisation and propose avenues for future research.

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Section: Ecological Context: Overview Of Stenophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

2014

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“…This segregation pattern may be related to traits particular to each Loxosceles species, such as more or less sedentary habits, degree of niche specialization, aggressive behaviors toward co-inhabitants, resistance to temperature variability, synanthropic habits, and the presence of potential predators and competitors (Gertsh 1967;Vasconcellos-Neto 2003, 2005;Fischer et al 2006Fischer et al , 2009aCramer and Maywright 2008;Rust 2008, 2010;Fischer and Schwartz 2010). However, once biotic and abiotic conditions favor the occurrence of more than one species in the same microhabitat, it is possible that intra-and interspeciÞc agonistic interactions could play a major role in segregation patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Do Agonistic Interactions Underlie the Segregation and Relative Abundances Between TwoLoxoscelesSpecies (Araneae: Sicariidae)?

2014

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The medically important spiders Loxosceles intermedia Mello-Leitão and Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) are segregated in Curitiba, southern Brazil, where L. intermedia is more abundant and widespread than L. laeta. Because they share similar microhabitat preferences and wander in search of web sites, agonistic encounters are likely to occur. The purposes of this study were to describe agonistic interactions and interpret their consequences for the relative abundances and spatial segregation of L. intermedia and L. laeta. Experimental contests were performed between residents and intruders. Asymmetries between contestants included sex, age, species, weight, and residence status. Nine behavioral categories were defined. Through discriminant analyses, it was possible to differentiate spider sex, species, and residence based on their agonistic behaviors. Intruders, juveniles, and L. intermedia individuals were better characterized by exploratory behaviors, whereas L. laeta females were differentiated by aggressiveness. By performing a multiple logistic regression, with winning or defeat as a dependent variable of sex, age, species, size, weight, and residence, it was possible to say that residents and L. intermedia individuals had the highest winning odds in contests, whereas juveniles had lower winning odds than adults. Advantages of the prior residence may help to explain the predominance of L. laeta in old colonization sites, whereas the higher winning odds of L. intermedia and less aggressive behavior toward conspecifics may lead to a successful establishment of dense populations in new sites. A better understanding of agonistic interactions as a mechanism of spacing, segregation, and species replacement among spiders may be helpful for control purposes.

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“…We found recluse spiders in the same shelter of whip spiders. Because recluse spiders are polyphagous (Fischer et al 2006) and can even prey upon well-protected armored prey (Segovia et al 2015), they are candidates to be whip spiders' predators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the habitat use of the Neotropical whip spider Charinus asturius (Arachnida: Amblypygi)

Segovia¹,

Neco²,

Willemart³

2018

Zoologia

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The non-random occupation of habitats is termed habitat selection. Some species of whip spiders select trees with burrows at their base, while others use substrates such as rocks. Here, we investigated the habitat use by Charinus asturius Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002, an endemic species of Ilhabela Island in Brazil. We found that C. asturius is more likely to be found under rocks that cover larger areas of substrate. Our results also suggest the existence of territorialism in C. asturius and show that C. asturius adults may be found again on the same rock a week later. Additionally, our data show that C. asturius is present in a greater area of Ilhabela than previously documented.

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The Prey and Predators of Loxosceles Intermedia Mello-Leitão 1934 (Araneae, Sicariidae)

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

Do Agonistic Interactions Underlie the Segregation and Relative Abundances Between TwoLoxoscelesSpecies (Araneae: Sicariidae)?

On the habitat use of the Neotropical whip spider Charinus asturius (Arachnida: Amblypygi)

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