The primary structure of teichuronic acid in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> AHU 1031

Yoneyama, Toshie; Araki, Yoshio; Ito, Eiji

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08160.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recent studies on cell walls of some Bacillus strains have revealed the structure of their acidic polymer components, including poly(glycerol phosphate) (15), poly(hexosylglycerol phosphate) (14), poly(ribitol phosphate) (17), poly(N-acetylglucosamine phosphate) (18), and mannosaminuronic acidcontaining teichuronic acid (28,29) as well as the structure of the junctions of these polymers to peptidoglycan. To examine whether there are any structural similarities between LTAs and WTAs in the respective Bacillus strains, we investigated the structure of LTAs isolated from these Bacillus strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of lipoteichoic acids from several Bacillus strains

Iwasaki¹,

Shimada²,

Ito³

1986

J Bacteriol

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Structural studies were carried out on lipoteichoic acids obtained from defatted cells of 10 Bacillus strains by phenol-water partition followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Octyl-Sepharose columns. A group of the tested bacteria (group A), BaciUus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus pumilus, was shown to have a diacyl form of lipoteichoic acids which contained D-alanine, D-glucose, D-glucosamine, fatty acids, and glycerol in molar ratios to phosphorus of 0.35 to 0.69, 0.07 to 0.15, 0.15 to 0.43, 0.06 to 0.11, and 0.95 to 1.18, respectively, whereas the other group (group B), Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus megaterium, had diacyl lipoteichoic acids which contained D-galactose, fatty acids, and glycerol in molar ratios to phosphorus of 0.05 to 0.42, 0.06 to 0.12, and 0.96 to 1.07, respectively. After treatment with 47% hydrogen fluoride, the lipoteichoic acids obtained from group A strains commonly gave a hydrophobic fragment, gentiobiosyl-P(1-*1 or 3)diacylglycerol, in addition to dephosphorylated repeating units, glycerol, 2-D-alanylglycerol, N-acetyl-Dglucosaminyl-a(1-+2)glycerol, and D-alanyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-oa(1--*2)glycerol, whereas the lipoteichoic acids from group B strains yielded diacylglycerol in addition to glycerol and D-galactosyl-a(1--2)glycerol. The results together with data from Smith degradations indicate that in the lipoteichoic acids of group A strains the polymer chains, made up of partially alanylated glycerol phosphate and glycosylglycerol phosphate units, are joined to the acylglycerol anchors through gentiobiose. However, in the lipoteichoic acids of group B strains, the partially galactosylated poly(glycerol phosphate) chains are believed to be directly linked to the acylglycerol anchors.

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confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of lipoteichoic acids from several Bacillus strains

Iwasaki¹,

Shimada²,

Ito³

1986

J Bacteriol

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“…The repeating unit (Fig. 6) contains glucose, N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine with glucose branches, about half of which carry glycerol phosphate units, joined to the N-acetylglucosamine units (Yoneyama et al, 1984). The polymer consists of some 12-15 repeating units, terminating at the reducing end in an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue that is probably linked through a sugar-I-phosphate linkage to muramic acid phosphate.…”

Section: Teichuronic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In B. licheniformis the linkage does not involve a specialized unit of the type found with teichoic acids but instead consists of a sugar-I-phosphate linkage between the reducing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine and the primary hydroxyl group of an Nacetylmuramic acid residue in the peptidoglycan (Wyke and Ward, 1977b;. The teichuronic acid in walls of B. subtilis AHU 1031 consists of some 12-15 repeating units terminating in an N-acetylglucosamine residue that is probably linked through a sugar-I-phosphate linkage to muramic acid (Yoneyama et al, 1984). …”

Section: Teichuronic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can remove the acetyl groups from up to 70% of the N-acetylglucosamine residues in B. cereus (Araki et al, 1980); de-N-acetylation makes the peptidoglycan resistant to egg-white lysozyme but, interestingly, more sensitive to the bacterial autolytic enzyme system. About 35% of the glucosamine in B. subtilis AHU 103 is present in N-unsubstituted form (Yoneyama et al, 1984) as are 88% of the glucosamine residues and 34% of the muramic acid residues in B. anthracis (Zipperle et aI., 1984). As a result the walls are initially resistant to lysozyme but they become sensitive after chemical N-acetylation.…”

Section: Peptidoglycanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacillus

1989

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“…Several questions remain unanswerable: (i) which of ␤-galactofuranose and ␣-galactopyranose is present at the reducing end of PS-2, (ii) which residue of peptidoglycan is responsible for the linkage between PS-2 and peptidoglycan, and (iii) whether a di-or trisaccharide linkage unit is included as found in some other bacteria (11,16,29). We attempted to isolate both PS-1-peptidoglycan and PS-2-peptidoglycan complexes by lytic enzyme digestion using lysozyme and N-acetylmurami- on May 10, 2018 by guest http://jb.asm.org/ dase SG to obtain information about the linkage region; however, the purified cell walls were resistant to such enzymatic digestions.…”

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Isolation and structural analysis of polysaccharide containing galactofuranose from the cell walls of Bifidobacterium infantis

1996

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We isolated cell wall polysaccharides (PS-1 and PS-2) from Bifidobacterium infantisBifidobacteria are anaerobic gram-positive bacteria and are believed to be associated with health-promoting effects in the host intestine. Recent studies with several Bifidobacterium strains have offered structural information concerning the cell surface construction, such as lipoteichoic acids (4,5,10,18), teichoic acids (26), and cell wall polysaccharides (7,17). Op den Camp et al. have isolated from Bifidobacterium bifidum a new type of lipoteichoic acid, containing a 1,2-linked polyglycerophosphate backbone between a glycolipid moiety and a linear polysaccharide, and found a unique structure, 1,5-linked ␤-D-galactofuranose homopolymer (galactofuranan), in the polysaccharide chain (18). On the other hand, Fischer et al. have provided another structure for lipoteichoic acid-like amphipathic polymers, which consist of a glycolipid moiety, 1,6-linked ␤-glucan, and 1,5-linked ␤-galactofuranan with side chains of monomeric glycerophosphate (4, 5). Such macroamphiphiles do not link to peptidoglycan but are considered to be anchored to membranes through their lipid moiety and should be common in several species of Bifidobacterium (10).Previously, we reported the carbohydrate composition of purified cell walls of Bifidobacterium infantis Reuter ATCC 15697 (24). In the present study, we isolated two distinct neutral polysaccharides, PS-1 and PS-2, from the purified cell walls of the same strain and found that the backbone of PS-2 is a 1,3-linked galactan consisting of ␤-D-galactofuranose and ␣-Dgalactopyranose in which more than 90% of the ␤-D-galactofuranosyl residues and about 30% of ␣-D-galactopyranosyl residues are occupied by ␤-D-glucopyranose at position 6. The backbone structure, 33)-␤-D-Gal f -(133)-␣-D-Gal p -(13, has been identified also in the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (12-15, 27, 28), Pasteurella haemolytica (22, 23), Serratia marcescens (19,20), and Serratia plymuthica (1). It is of interest that the cell wall polysaccharide from B. infantis contains the same structure as O-specific antigen of some gramnegative bacteria.Preparation and carbohydrate composition of cell wall polysaccharides, PS-1 and PS-2. We previously described the growth conditions of B. infantis and the isolation procedure of purified cell walls (24). Determinations of amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and nucleic acids of the cell walls were also carried out by the same methods as previously reported (24). B. infantis cell walls consisted of neutral sugars (glucose and galactose), amino sugars (glucosamine and muramic acid), peptidoglycan-derived amino acids (alanine, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, and ornithine), and a small amount of fatty acids, so that they were considered to be free from contamination with nucleic acids and proteins (24).The purified cell walls (300 mg) were treated with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 4ЊC overnight and then centrifuged, and the supernatant was thoroughly dialyzed against deionized water. T...

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The primary structure of teichuronic acid in Bacillus subtilis AHU 1031

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative studies of lipoteichoic acids from several Bacillus strains

Comparative studies of lipoteichoic acids from several Bacillus strains

Bacillus

Isolation and structural analysis of polysaccharide containing galactofuranose from the cell walls of Bifidobacterium infantis

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