The primary structure of the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae — a review

Zamaroczy, Miklos de; Bernardi, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90060-0

Cited by 135 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results focused our attention on the Ϫ948 to Ϫ938 interval, which was present in all strains that had stable COB mRNA and absent in strains with degraded COB messages. The CCG sequence in the middle of this otherwise AU-rich sequence was particularly striking, since such a combination of three nucleotides is not found in AU-rich UTRs of any other mitochondrial mRNAs other than in short, very GC-rich repetitive elements called "GC clusters" (11). As shown here, the CCG sequence at positions Ϫ944 to Ϫ942 is absolutely required for COB mRNA stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…With elimination of the stem-loop as an important feature for COB mRNA stability, our focus turned to the primary sequence of the Ϫ948 to Ϫ938 interval. The 11-nucleotide sequence AATACCGATTG is found at only one location in the 78,521-bp S. cerevisiae grande mitochondrial genome, in the 5Ј UTR of COB (11). The CCG sequence at positions Ϫ944 to Ϫ942 was particularly striking as an unusual sequence feature within the Ϫ948 to Ϫ938 interval that might be involved in a specific protein-RNA interaction, since the sequence is not found at any other location in the extremely AU-rich regions of mitochondrial mRNA 5Ј and 3Ј UTRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although we have shown that the CCG in the COB 5Ј UTR is necessary for recognition by Cbp1, it is clearly not sufficient. There are 32 CCG sequences in transcribed regions of the mitochondrial genome that are not part of bona fide GC clusters (11). Binding of Cbp1 to the other 31 sequences is not important for mitochondrial function, since no other mitochondrial RNAs are affected by the loss of Cbp1 (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Evidence for Interaction between Cbp1 and Specific Nucleotides in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Chen

Dieckmann

1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The cytochrome b (COB) gene is encoded by the mitochondrial genome; however, its expression requires the participation of several nuclearly encoded protein factors. The yeast Cbp1 protein, which is encoded by the nuclear CBP1 gene, is required for the stabilization of COB mRNA. A previous deletion analysis identified an 11-nucleotide-long sequence within the 5 untranslated region of COB mRNA that is important for Cbp1-dependent COB mRNA stability. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were carried out to define further the features of this cis element. The CCG sequence within this region was shown to be necessary for stability. A change in residue 533 of Cbp1 from aspartate to tyrosine suppresses the effects of a single-base change in the CCG element. This is strong genetic evidence that the nuclearly encoded Cbp1 protein recognizes and binds directly to the sequence containing CCG and thus protects COB mRNA from degradation.Mitochondrial biogenesis is a coordinated process that requires the function of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene products. For example, cytochrome b is an electron carrier located in the inner membrane of mitochondria along with other components of the respiratory chain and is encoded by the mitochondrial gene COB. Expression of COB requires participation of nuclearly encoded proteins. For example, Cbp2 (28, 42), Mrs1 (5,21,22), Mrs2 (20,43), and Nam2 (24, 26) are required for intron splicing; Cbp1 stabilizes COB mRNA (8, 12); and Cbs1 (29, 36) and Cbs2 (Cbp7) (29,34,35) are COB-specific translation factors. None of these nuclearly encoded factors is essential for growth of yeast on fermentable carbon sources (e.g., glucose), but strains with null mutations in the genes encoding these factors have a PET (petite) phenotype; they form smaller colonies than the wild-type strains on glucose media. PET mutants cannot grow on nonfermentable carbon sources (e.g., glycerol or ethanol), which require mitochondrial function for utilization.In yeast mitochondria, the genes for tRNA Glu and cytochrome b are cotranscribed as a unit (Fig. 1). Transcription begins at position Ϫ1566, with the A of the AUG initiation codon of COB defined as ϩ1. RNase P and tRNA 3Ј endonuclease process the initial transcript at the 5Ј and 3Ј ends of tRNA Glu , respectively (7, 18), which releases tRNA Glu and COB precursor RNA with a 5Ј end extending to Ϫ1098. Further processing of COB precursor RNA generates the mature COB message with a 5Ј end at Ϫ955 or Ϫ954 (4).Cbp1 was identified because it is required for the stabilization of COB mRNA (12). In cbp1 mutant strains, the level of tRNA Glu is wild type, COB precursor RNA is decreased to ϳ20% of the wild-type level, and the mature COB message is undetectable. Since inadequate apocytochrome b is produced, cbp1 mutant strains cannot respire. We previously used deletion analysis to locate a small region in the COB 5Ј UTR (untranslated region) which is essential for two Cbp1-dependent functions: positioning of the Ϫ955/Ϫ954 cleavage site and COB message ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Evidence for Interaction between Cbp1 and Specific Nucleotides in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Chen

Dieckmann

1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…This raises the possibility that an as yet unidentified mitochondrial gene is involved. Until recently, our understanding of the yeast mitochondrial genome sequence was based of a conglomerate sequence derived from several polymorphic strains (60,61). This sequence was incomplete and contained multiple errors (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anoxia and the Mitochondrion on Expression of Aerobic Nuclear COX Genes in Yeast

Dagsgaard

Taylor

O’Brien

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Eucaryotic cells contain at least two general classes of oxygen-regulated nuclear genes: aerobic genes and hypoxic genes. Hypoxic genes are induced upon exposure to anoxia while aerobic genes are down-regulated. Recently, it has been reported that induction of some hypoxic nuclear genes in mammals and yeast requires mitochondrial respiration and that cytochrome-c oxidase functions as an oxygen sensor during this process. In this study, we have examined the role of the mitochondrion and cytochrome-c oxidase in the expression of yeast aerobic nuclear COX genes. We have found that the down-regulation of these genes in anoxic cells is reflected in reduced levels of their subunit polypeptides and that cytochrome-c oxidase subunits I, II, III, Vb, VI, VII, and VIIa are present in promitochondria from anoxic cells. By using nuclear cox mutants and mitochondrial rho 0 and mit ؊ mutants, we have found that neither respiration nor cytochrome-c oxidase is required for the down-regulation of these genes in cells exposed to anoxia but that a mitochondrial genome is required for their full expression under both normoxic and anoxic conditions. This requirement for a mitochondrial genome is unrelated to the presence or absence of a functional holocytochrome-c oxidase. We have also found that the down-regulation of these genes in cells exposed to anoxia and the down-regulation that results from the absence of a mitochondrial genome are independent of one another. These findings indicate that the mitochondrial genome, acting independently of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, affects the expression of the aerobic nuclear COX genes and suggest the existence of a signaling pathway from the mitochondrial genome to the nucleus.

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“…The mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATPase) 1 is a member of the F 1 /F 0 -ATPase family of enzymes that are composed of a proton-translocating domain (F 0 ) coupled via a stalk structure to the globular F 1 -ATP synthetase/hydrolase headpiece. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, subunits 6, 8, and 9 of the F 0 domain are encoded by the mitochondrial genome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aep3p Stabilizes the Mitochondrial Bicistronic mRNA Encoding Subunits 6 and 8 of the H+-translocating ATP Synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ellis

Helfenbein

Tzagoloff

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Subunits 6 and 8 of the mitochondrial ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and translated from bicistronic mRNAs containing both reading frames. The stability of the two major species of ATP8/6 mRNA, which differ in the length of the 5 -untranslated region, depends on the expression of several nuclear-encoded factors. In the present study, the product of the gene designated AEP3 (open reading frame YPL005W) is shown to be required for stabilization and/or processing of both ATP8/6 mRNA species. In an aep3-disruptant strain, the shorter ATP8/6 mRNA was undetectable, and the level of the longer mRNA was reduced to ϳ35% that of wild type. Localization of a hemagglutinin-tagged version of Aep3p showed that the protein is an extrinsic constituent of the mitochondrial inner membrane facing the matrix.

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The primary structure of the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae — a review

Cited by 135 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic Evidence for Interaction between Cbp1 and Specific Nucleotides in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetic Evidence for Interaction between Cbp1 and Specific Nucleotides in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effects of Anoxia and the Mitochondrion on Expression of Aerobic Nuclear COX Genes in Yeast

Aep3p Stabilizes the Mitochondrial Bicistronic mRNA Encoding Subunits 6 and 8 of the H+-translocating ATP Synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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