The Primer for Sports Medicine Professionals on Imaging

Posterior instability of the shoulder is much less common than anterior instability with a clinical presentation that is often less obvious, making the diagnosis more challenging and more easily missed. We describe the imaging findings of posterior instability so the radiologist can make the diagnosis and provide a detailed description, enabling the surgeon to make more informed decisions regarding management and surgery.

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“…It is commonly undisplaced. [35][36][37] Bankart lesions can be associated with paralabral cysts (►Figs. 3 and 7).…”

Section: Reverse (Soft Tissue) Bankart Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Posterior Instability of the Shoulder

Rajeswaran¹,

Basu

Funk

2022

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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“…A reverse Bankart lesion is a detachment of the posteroinferior labrum from the glenoid in combination with a tear of the posterior scapular periosteum, typically between the 6-o'clock and 10-o'clock positions, and is similar to its anterior variant (67)(68)(69). The tear is often nondisplaced, and the adjacent glenoid articular cartilage remains intact (68).…”

Section: Posteroinferior Labral Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…labrocapsular complex during posterior dislocation or recurrent subluxation (66). The posteroinferior labrum and unruptured posterior scapular periosteum are stripped from the posterior glenoid, resulting in a redundant recess that communicates with the joint (Fig 14) (2,(67)(68)(69). It can be differentiated from a reverse Bankart lesion, in which there is disruption of the posterior capsule and scapular periosteum in combination with the labral detachment.…”

Section: Posteroinferior Labral Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging the Glenoid Labrum and Labral Tears

et al. 2016

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The shoulder joint is the most unstable articulation in the entire human body. While this certainly introduces vulnerability to injury, it also confers the advantage of broad range of motion. There are many elements that work in combination to offset the inherent instability of the glenohumeral joint, but the glenoid labrum is perhaps related most often. Broadly, clinical unidirectional instability can be subdivided into anterior and posterior instability, which usually raise concern for anteroinferior and posteroinferior labral lesions, respectively. In the special case of superior labral damage, potential dislocation is blocked by structures that include the acromion; hence, while damage elsewhere commonly manifests as clinical instability, damage to the superior labrum is often described by the term microinstability. In this particular case, one of the radiologist's main concerns should be classic superior labral anteroposterior lesions. The glenoid labrum is also subject to a wide range of normal variants that can mimic labral tears. Knowledge of these variants is central to interpreting an imaging study of the labrum because misdiagnosis of labral variants as tears can lead to superfluous surgical procedures and decreased shoulder mobility. This article reviews labral anatomy and normal labral variants, describes their imaging features, and discusses how to discriminate normal variants from labral tears. Specific labral pathologic lesions are described per labral quadrant (anteroinferior, posteroinferior, and superior), and imaging features are described in detail. Online supplemental material is available for this article. RSNA, 2016.

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“…The rotator cuff consists of four muscles (supraspina-tus, infraspinatous, teres minor, and subscapularis) and play a key role in shoulder stability. Among these four muscles three of them are shoulder external rotators (10). Regarding the kinematics and biomechanics of swimming, it seems that factors such as decreasing articular stability which happens due to the repeated overhead activities will result in accumulation of micro traumas to the shoulder's stabilizer ligaments and also fatigue of muscles which provide dynamic stability (rotator cuffs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of 8 Weeks Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Strength Training on the Torque of the External and Internal Shoulder Rotator Muscles in Elite Swimmers

2019

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Objectives: In accordance with the multiple causes of impingement syndrome being a major injury of the swimmers' shoulder, choosing an effective method in preventing shoulder injury is important. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks open and closed kinetic chain exercises on muscle torque of internal and external rotators of shoulder in elite swimmers. Methods: In this study, 45 swimmers were selected based on the inclusion criteria and divided randomly and equally into three groups of open chain, closed chain exercises, and control. Both open and closed chain groups performed their own exercises three times a week for eight weeks, but no upper extremity exercises were given to the control group. Before the training, the pick torque of the external and internal rotators of shoulder were measured by the isokinetic HUMAC NORM machine at various speeds of 60, 120 and 180 degrees/s. After eight weeks of practice, the variables were re-measured. Shapiro-Wilk test was used for data normalization, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc testes were used accordingly to compare the groups and to show the intra-group difference (P < 0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that eight weeks of open and closed chain training improved the torque of internal and external shoulder rotator muscles at 60, 120 and 180 degrees per second (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between open chain and closed chain exercises, and the effect of open chain was more than closed chain training (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, it can be concluded that open and closed kinetic chain exercises improve the torque of the external and internal rotating muscles in swimmers. They also suggest that kinetic chain exercises are more effective than closed kinetic chain exercises in this regard so could be prescribed for swimmers.

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The Primer for Sports Medicine Professionals on Imaging

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Imaging Posterior Instability of the Shoulder

Imaging Posterior Instability of the Shoulder

Imaging the Glenoid Labrum and Labral Tears

The Effect of 8 Weeks Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Strength Training on the Torque of the External and Internal Shoulder Rotator Muscles in Elite Swimmers

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