The encyclopedia and the university of theory: idealism and the organization of knowledge The Enlightenment is often described as 'the age of the encyclopedia', 1 a term meaning 'circle of learning', which is involved in questions of how we construct disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity. As such, encyclopedias share something with universities, which also try to accommodate a multiplicity of knowledges, while organising them into disciplines and faculties that raise questions of what qualifies as knowledge, and where it is centred. Encyclopedias are proto-universities which at certain points in history connect with conceptions of the university. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the encyclopedia's archive fever, its multiplication of areas of knowledge and thus fragmentation of Knowledge (with a capital K) was held in check by the trope of the book as mirror of creation. The long eighteenth century, however, witnessed several new encyclopedic enterprises connected with the constitution of modernity, which Gianni Vattimo defines as 'the epoch in which simply being modern' becomes 'a decisive value in itself'. 2 In France Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie modelled knowledge as being up-to-date, with a bias towards politics and a Baconian bias towards the pragmatic. The Encyclopédie, which to be sure included entries on aesthetic forms, also had entries on taxation and the jury system, and more particularly the mechanical arts. It also consolidated, even if it did not invent, the form of the encyclopedia as alphabetized dictionary. In the long term this form reduced the encyclopedia to a secondary reference system that stored rather than synthesized knowledge, and thus inscribed a conception of knowledge as information or technology rather than philosophy. The Scottish Encyclopedia Britannica was different, but no less a form of epistemic management connected with the instituting of a certain modernity. Its early editions retained as their goal to organize rather than simply to provide an inventory of knowledge. Thus the Encyclopedia Britannica presented systems of several individual sciences to which short entries on terms were attached or cross-referenced. Considered alongside the production of dictionaries of individual sciences, and the role