The principles of equality and non-discrimination under viral attack: Stigma, hate speech, xenophobia, racism and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic

McCarthy, Odhran; Meulengraaf, Sophie Van De

doi:10.18356/5eba8500-en

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…To reach a unified trade agreement on a global scale, such as cutting agricultural subsidies of the United States and the European Union, in response to the demands of developing countries [3,4]. In a sign of the revival of the multilateral machinery, the "Bali package", including the trade facilitation agreement, is the least difficult part of the round to negotiate [5,6]. It is in WTO developing country member interior also has certain difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade Strategy Evolution and Pattern Discrimination under the Value Competition Mechanism

Dong¹,

Hao²

2021

BCPBM

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International trade theory generally assumes that trade is carried out in the ideal state of perfect competition market and constant return on scale, but the reality is not so. Every economy will formulate some policies to restrict or encourage trade for the sake of maximizing its own trade interests. With the acceleration of globalization, the industrial division of labor, trade benefits and competitiveness of an economy in the global economy are considered from the perspective of value competition mechanism, and the change and future trend of international trade policy under the value competition mechanism are analyzed starting from the introduction of the concept of value competition mechanism. Starting from the integration of the value competition mechanism, focusing on the increase of the added value of the whole industry, combining the technological progress, industry integration and the transformation of factor input. Value through the extension of competition mechanism and integration, the mainstream trade theory deals with the main factors and system variables into a unified multi-factor panel data model framework for empirical analysis, found on the evolution of international trade strategy and pattern identify differences, including system quality and the cost difference split effectively the technological progress, economic benefit and sustainable development and full employment, to maximize the added value of the whole value competition mechanism, and finally realize the improvement of industry international competitiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade Strategy Evolution and Pattern Discrimination under the Value Competition Mechanism

Dong¹,

Hao²

2021

BCPBM

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Algorithmic bias: review, synthesis, and future research directions

Kordzadeh

Ghasemaghaei

2021

European Journal of Information Systems

252

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Stigma and discrimination tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors: Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Ghana

Osei

Amu

Appiah

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Historically, infectious diseases have generated fears among populations. Unhealthy handling of these fears result in the stigma and discrimination of infected patients. Globally, measures taken so far by governments to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, although helpful, have created fears in people. Consequently, there are reported Ghanaian media cases of stigmatisation against persons who were infected and recovered from COVID-19. However, these reports remain unsubstantiated. This study, therefore, sought to examine stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors among the adult population in Ghana. This was a population-based cross-sectional study among 3,259 adults. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, chi-square, and multivariable logistic regression were employed in analysing the data. Knowledge on COVID-19 was poor among 33.6% of the participants. Forty-three per cent had a good attitude towards COVID-19. Nearly half (45.9%) exhibited stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors. Participants who had poor COVID-19 related knowledge (aOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.59–2.29, p<0.001) and poor attitude towards COVID-19 (aOR = 5.83, 95% CI = 4.85–6.98, p<0.001) were more likely to exhibit stigma and discriminatory tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors. Our study found relatively high proportions of poor knowledge and negative attitudes towards COVID-19. Stigma and discriminatory tendencies were consequently high. Our findings call for increased public education on COVID-19 by the Ghana Health Service and the Information Services Department, to increase the level of knowledge on the pandemic while reducing stigma and discrimination associated with it.

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The principles of equality and non-discrimination under viral attack: Stigma, hate speech, xenophobia, racism and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

International Trade Strategy Evolution and Pattern Discrimination under the Value Competition Mechanism

International Trade Strategy Evolution and Pattern Discrimination under the Value Competition Mechanism

Algorithmic bias: review, synthesis, and future research directions

Stigma and discrimination tendencies towards COVID-19 survivors: Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Ghana

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