The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

Ricardo, David

doi:10.4324/9781351291521-9

Cited by 596 publications

(703 citation statements)

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“…In essence, in terms of this theory, if the influence of productivity growth is neutralized alongside transaction costs and trade barriers, identical goods should trade at identical prices in different countries. However, as first noticed by Ricardo (), Harrod (), and Viner (), this does not happen. Balassa (), Samuelson (), and Bhagwati () have argued that productivity differences across countries imply that the purchasing power parity (PPP) would not always hold, as first conjectured by Cassel ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America

Iyke

2017

Review Development Economics

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In this paper, we examine the role of relative productivity growth in real misalignment of exchange rates in Latin American countries. Specifically, we verify the validity of the Penn Effect for selected countries in this region. Our sample consists of 15 countries for the period 1951 to 2010. We employ both short-and long-panel data techniques, which allow us to experiment with estimators suitable for short and long time dimensions of panel data.The Penn Effect is found to be supported for the entire sample, and for subsamples. Relative productivity growth is dominant in the real exchange rate movement during periods of mild or weak speculative attacks, as compared with periods of severe speculative attacks. To correct for real misalignment of currencies in Latin America under speculative attacks, relative productivity growth must be sizeable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America

Iyke

2017

Review Development Economics

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“…On the basis of the concept of absolute advantage, first mentioned by Smith (), the concept of comparative advantage, formulated by Ricardo (), refers to the ability of a country to produce a particular commodity at a lower opportunity cost over another country. In order to gain from international trade, countries are expected to export commodities for which their relative prices in an autarchy (i.e.…”

Section: Explaining Trade Activity and Patterns: Review Of Trade Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Activity Between the EU and Its Neighbouring Countries: Trends and Potential

Kallioras

Pinna

2016

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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The objective of the paper is to examine whether trade activity intensifies over time as the outcome of signed bilateral trade agreements. Focusing on (the trade component of) the European Neighbourhood Policy, the paper conducts a study of trade activity between the EU and its neighbouring countries, attempting to offer a detailed analysis in terms of trade patterns and to investigate whether proximity is combined with higher trade flows, within the framework of a free trade agreement. The analysis utilises data derived from BACI database and covers the period from 1995 to 2011. The findings of the paper indicate that there is a lot of potential for the expansion of trade activity between the EU and its neighbouring countries

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“…In fact—as I hope to demonstrate—if Darwin had not been led astray by Malthus's single‐minded focus on numbers, an understanding of the role played by economic rent might also help explain why some human populations grow faster or slower than others. Although Malthus's () Essay on the Subject of Rent contained flaws, its publication inspired David Ricardo ([1815] 1963) to address its inadequacies in a treatise for which he became famous.…”

Section: Land Rent As the Hidden Variable In Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Malthus, Darwin, and the Descent of Economics

Remoff¹

2016

American J Econ Sociol

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Confusion about overpopulation stems from the writings of Thomas Malthus in 1798. It was compounded by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, both of whom made the Malthusian “struggle for existence” the basis of natural selection in the evolutionary process. Malthus argued, without evidence, that human population growth will continue unchecked until regulated by external factors such as hunger and disease. Darwin and Wallace cemented that idea into evolutionary theory. Recent evolutionary biologists have focused on gene frequency as a way to compare the reproductive success of one individual against another within the same species. However, among humans, the true basis of reproductive success is grounded in control of the resources necessary for survival. Humans sometimes adapt to environmental stress by having more children, not fewer, which means that poverty can cause population growth, not the reverse. Recognizing this simple relationship would have helped Darwin resolve a dilemma at the heart of his theory: his expectation that the most successful members of our species would have the most children, an idea contradicted by his observation of large, poor families among the Irish. The evolutionary puzzle can be solved by observing that providing equal access to land enables humans to limit their own fertility. The problem of equal access can be addressed by implementing Henry George's idea of taxing the value of land, thereby preventing hoarding and gross inequality of wealth.

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The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

Cited by 596 publications

References 0 publications

The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America

The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America

Trade Activity Between the EU and Its Neighbouring Countries: Trends and Potential

Malthus, Darwin, and the Descent of Economics

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