“…These findings may be controversial because these two indicators can be classified as more directly related to the risk shared between PPP parties, the assumption of the risk by operators, or the risk returning to the grantor. Previous studies (e.g., Burke and Demirag, 2013;Khadaroo, 2011a, 2011b;Hart, 2003;Wall and Connolly, 2009) discussed these topics, providing quality examples of the analysis and problems that can be addressed. This study, based on financial data rather than interviews, shows that, at least in Portugal, costs of financing and profitability do not differ between companies with and without PPP/SCAs 5 .…”