The Probable Role of Tumor Stem Cells for Lymph Node Metastasis in Supraglottic Carcinoma

Lu, Sumei; Tian, Jiajun; Lv, Zhenghua; Wang, Haibo; Bai, Xiaohui; Liu, Wenwen; Li, Jianfeng; Xu, Wei

doi:10.1007/s12253-010-9271-9

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The features of the 19 eligible studies are listed in Table 1; 1 study was from each of the following countries: Spain (Esteban et al 2005),Turkey (Yuce et al 2011), Italy (Staibano et al 2007), Finland (Kokko et al 2011), and the USA (Janisiewicz et al 2012), two studies were from Japan (Kawano et al 2004;Uwa et al 2011), and 12 were from China (Song et al 1999;Wang et al 2000;Zhao et al 2003;Xu et al 2003;Wang et al 2004;Qiu et al 2006;Huang et al 2007;Lu et al 2008;Ma et al 2009;Gao 2009;Guo et al 2009;Lu et al 2011). Three studies focused on pharyngeal cancer, 14 focused on laryngeal cancer, and 2 studied both laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD44 Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Pharyngolaryngeal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chai

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Pharyngolaryngeal cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancer worldwide, and the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction are still difficult because of lacking in reliable cell markers. Although the expression of CD44 has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis of pharyngolaryngeal cancer in most literatures, some controversies still exist. Since the limited patient numbers within independent studies, here we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the correlations between CD44 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis in pharyngolaryngeal cancer. A search of PubMed, ISI Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (up to June 2013) was performed. Nineteen studies with 1,405 patients met the inclusion criteria. The expression of pan-CD44, including all variant isoforms, was detected in 58.0% (14.1-79.2%) specimens, while CD44-v6 (variant isoform 6 of CD44) was expressed in 54.8% (12-79.2%). In pooled analysis, CD44 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (T category, RR (relative risk) = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.46), lymph nodes metastasis (N category, RR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.38-2.73) and poor prognosis [3-year overall survival (OS): RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.91; 5-year OS: RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.66-0.94]. In the stratified analysis of CD44 isoforms, high expression of CD44-v6 was related with a poor 5-year OS rate (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37-077). We propose that CD44 expression is associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in pharyngolaryngeal cancer patients.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD44 Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Pharyngolaryngeal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chai

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The high CD44 expression seems to correlate with a poor prognosis more prominently in laryngeal tumors than in the other ENT sites because of the higher metastatic capacity (locoregional and distant) and resistance to chemoradiation of cells with high CD44 expression 77,85–91. Moreover, it seems increasingly clear that differences in the propensity to locoregional or distant metastasis and radiotherapy resistance appears to depend on the overexpression of specific variants of CD44 90–94…”

Section: Tumor Progression and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stem cells in head and neck cancer

Allegra¹,

Trapasso²

2012

OTT

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also called “cells that start the tumor,” represent in themselves one of the most topical and controversial issues in the field of cancer research. Tumor stem cells are able to self-propagate in vitro (self-renewal), giving rise both to other tumor stem cells and most advanced cells in the line of differentiation (asymmetric division). A final characteristic is tumorigenicity, a fundamental property, which outlines the tumor stem cell as the only cell able to initiate the formation of a tumor when implanted in immune-deficient mice. The hypothesis of a hierarchical organization of tumor cells dates back more than 40 years, but only in 1997, thanks to the work of John Dick and Dominique Bonnet, was there the formal proof of such an organization in acute myeloid leukemia. Following this, many other research groups were able to isolate CSCs, by appropriate selection markers, in various malignancies, such as breast, brain, colon, pancreas, and liver cancers and in melanoma. To date, however, it is not possible to isolate stem cells from all types of neoplasia, particularly in solid tumors. From a therapeutic point of view, the concept of tumor stem cells implies a complete revision of conventional antineoplastic treatment. Conventional cytotoxic agents are designed to target actively proliferating cells. In the majority of cases, this is not sufficient to eliminate the CSCs, which thanks to their reduced proliferative activity and/or the presence of proteins capable of extruding chemotherapeutics from the cell are not targeted. Therefore, the theory of cancer stem cells can pose new paradigms in terms of cancer treatment. Potential approaches, even in the very early experimental stages, relate to the selective inhibition of pathways connected with self-renewal, or more specifically based on the presence of specific surface markers for selective cytotoxic agent vehicles. Finally, some research groups are trying to induce these cells to differentiate, thus making them easier to remove. For all these reasons, we have collected existing literature on head and neck cancer stem cells that correlate the biological characteristics of this subpopulation of cancer cells with the clinical behavior of tumors.

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“…Immunohistochemistry for TWIST was performed on 4 µm sections from paraffinembedded tumor tissue blocks with TWIST antibodies. The detailed experimental procedure was performed as previously described (19).…”

Section: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

TWIST expression in hypopharyngeal cancer and the mechanism of TWIST-induced promotion of metastasis

Wang¹

2011

Oncol Rep

Self Cite

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Abstract. The transcription factor TWIST is an important factor in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. To explore the functions of TWIST in hypopharyngeal cancer, we investigated if overexpression of TWIST has an effect on FaDu cell morphology, and if alteration of TWIST has an effect on E-cadherin, N-cadherin, c-fos, MMP-9, as well as in cell migration, and the invasion ability of FaDu cells. Moreover, we also studied the relationship between TWIST overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics in hypopharyngeal cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemical assays. The results showed that overexpression of TWIST-induced morphological changes, such as occurrence of EMT. TWIST overexpression also increased cell migration and invasion ability, accompanied by an alteration of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, c-fos and MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical assays showed that TWIST overexpression was related with tumor differentiation (P=0.038), tumor size (P=0.048) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.044). The data presented reveal that overexpression of TWIST plays a significant role in the metastasis of hypopharyngeal tumors, and alteration of TWIST has an effect on the EMT, c-fos and MMP-9 expression in FaDu cells. We conclude that TWIST promotes hypopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis, and the TWIST/c-fos/MMP-9 signaling pathway may play an important role in the metastasis of FaDu cells. IntroductionHypopharyngeal cancer is one of the most common head and neck malignancies. More than 75% of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis (1). Lymph node metastasis is present in 60-80% of patients and it directly affects the prognosis of the disease (2). Although the locoregional control of this cancer has been significantly improved in the last decades because of the advent of new surgical techniques and approaches, this improvement does not significantly influence the overall survival rate, partly because of metastasis (3). Therefore, understanding the potential mechanism of hypopharyngeal cancer metastasis and investigating the related targeted factors of metastasis are of primary concern.Recently, some studies have shown that TWIST, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is known to be essential for proper gastrulation, mesoderm formation, and neural crest migration (4). Interestingly, TWIST is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (5). In addition, elevated TWIST expression was further related with tumor invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (6). The role of TWIST in promoting EMT processes has also been reported in other solid cancers, such as prostate and uterine cancer (7,8). EMT and its accompanying reduction in E-cad expression have been shown to be essential for the extravasation of cancer cells into secondary organs (9). Previous research has confirmed that TWIST overexpression not only promotes the migration and invasion of cancers cells, but also decreases the sensitivi...

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The Probable Role of Tumor Stem Cells for Lymph Node Metastasis in Supraglottic Carcinoma

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

CD44 Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Pharyngolaryngeal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

CD44 Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Pharyngolaryngeal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancer stem cells in head and neck cancer

TWIST expression in hypopharyngeal cancer and the mechanism of TWIST-induced promotion of metastasis

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