The Problem of Bacillus Species Infection with Special Emphasis on the Virulence of Bacillus cereus

O’Day, Denis M.; Smith, Richard; Gregg, Clark R.; Turnbull, P. C. B.; Head, W. Steven; Ives, Judith A.; Ho, Pak‐Chung

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)34960-4

Cited by 114 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Etest readings for B. anthracis in this study compared favorably with agar dilution readings in a subsidiary study set up to test this method (Table 4) and with studies reported previously ( Table 6). In addition to extending the available data on B. anthracis, the results also expand the limited MIC data available for B. cereus from health-related sources (Table 5) (1,28,35).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

MICs of Selected Antibiotics forBacillus anthracis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoidesfrom a Range of Clinical and Environmental Sources as Determined by the Etest

et al. 2004

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

MICs of Selected Antibiotics forBacillus anthracis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoidesfrom a Range of Clinical and Environmental Sources as Determined by the Etest

et al. 2004

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“…Bacterial invasion of the lens is a common feature of B. cereus endophthalmitis in animal models (12,13 4,1980) and in human infection (26). The histological analysis of infected eyes in this study showed that bacterial cells were initially evident in association with the posterior lens capsule, which was progressively degraded, and that bacteria eventually colonized the entire lens cortex (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Among organisms that infect the eye, B. cereus has one of the most rapidly evolving courses of infection (11) and is one of the most destructive (25)(26)(27)(28). The infection usually progresses from injury to enucleation in 24 to 48 h. It is extremely refractory, and blindness often occurs even in cases in which aggressive and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is instituted before the loss of visual acuity (15,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Contribution of Tripartite Hemolysin BL, Phosphatidylcholine-Preferring Phospholipase C, and Collagenase to Virulence of Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis

et al. 2000

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Bacillus cereus causes a highly fulminant endophthalmitis which usually results in blindness. We previously concluded that hemolysin BL (HBL), a tripartite necrotizing pore-forming toxin, is a probable endophthalmitis virulence factor because it is highly toxic to retinal tissue in vitro and in vivo. We also determined that B. cereus produces additional retinal toxins that might contribute to virulence. Here we fractionated crude B. cereus culture supernatant by anion-exchange chromatography and found that in vitro retinal toxicity was also associated with phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C (PC-PLC). The pure enzyme also caused retinal necrosis in vivo. We showed that phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC and sphingomyelinase were nontoxic and that two hemolysins, cereolysin O and a novel hemolysin designated hemolysin IV, were marginally toxic in vitro. The histopathology of experimental septic endophthalmitis in rabbits mimicked the pathology produced by pure HBL, and both HBL and PC-PLC were detected at toxic concentrations in infected vitreous fluid. Bacterial cells were first seen associated with the posterior margin of the lens and eventually were located throughout the lens cortex. Detection of collagenase in the vitreous humor suggested that infiltration was facilitated by the breakdown of the protective collagen lens capsule by that enzyme. This work supports our conclusion that HBL contributes to B. cereus virulence and implicates PC-PLC and collagenase as additional virulence factors.

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“…are a major cause of rapidly blinding cases of post-traumatic and endogenous endophthalmitis. The majority of patients with Bacillus endophthalmitis lost significant visual function or the eye itself in less than 2 to 3 days (Das, et al, 2001(Das, et al, ,2005David, et al, 1994;Ho, et al, 1982;O'Day, et al, 1981). B. cereus causes the vast majority of Bacillus endophthalmitis cases.…”

Section: Bacillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial endophthalmitis: Therapeutic challenges and host–pathogen interactions

Callegan

Gilmore

Gregory

et al. 2007

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

156

153

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Endophthalmitis is an infection of the posterior segment of the eye that frequently results in loss of vision. This devastating result occurs despite prompt and often aggressive therapeutic and surgical intervention. Over the past decade, research has centered on determining the bacterial and host factors involved in this potentially blinding disease. The initial focus on the bacterial factors responsible for intraocular virulence has recently expanded into analysis the inflammatory response to infection, including the molecular and cellular interactions between the pathogen and host. This review discusses the epidemiology and therapeutic challenges posed by endophthalmitis, as well as recent findings from the analysis of interactions between the host and pathogen. Based on these findings, a model for the pathogenesis of endophthalmitis is presented. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions taking place between pathogen and host during endophthalmitis will expose possible therapeutic targets designed to arrest the infection and prevent vision loss.

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The Problem of Bacillus Species Infection with Special Emphasis on the Virulence of Bacillus cereus

Cited by 114 publications

References 15 publications

MICs of Selected Antibiotics forBacillus anthracis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoidesfrom a Range of Clinical and Environmental Sources as Determined by the Etest

MICs of Selected Antibiotics forBacillus anthracis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoidesfrom a Range of Clinical and Environmental Sources as Determined by the Etest

Evidence for Contribution of Tripartite Hemolysin BL, Phosphatidylcholine-Preferring Phospholipase C, and Collagenase to Virulence of Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis

Bacterial endophthalmitis: Therapeutic challenges and host–pathogen interactions

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