The problem of defining geochemical baselines. A case study of selected elements and geological materials in Finland

Salminen, Reijo; Tarvainen, Timo

doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(97)00028-9

Cited by 192 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…El término «concentración natural o concentración geoquímica de base», se refiere a la variación natural en la concentración de un elemento en el medio ambiente superficial (Salminen & Tarvainen, 1997y Salminen & Gregorauskiene, 2000; puede indicar el contenido real de un elemento en el medio ambiente superficial en un punto dado y en un momento temporal (Salminen & Gregorauskiene, 2000;Frattini et al, 2006y Albanese et al, 2007. Incluye las concentraciones geogénicas naturales (natural de fondo) y la contribución antropogénica difusa de los suelos (Tarvainen & Kallio, 2002;Cicchella et al, 2005;Frattini et al, 2006y Albanese et al, 2007.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

“…En cualquier caso, sea cual sea la denominación, la determinación de las concentraciones geoquímicas ambientales de base son necesarias para evaluar el estado actual del medio ambiente y proporcionar directrices y normas de calidad para la legislación ambiental, así como la toma de decisiones de gestión, especialmente en la evaluación de suelos contaminados (Salminen & Tarvainen, 1997). Por lo tanto, para evaluar la contaminación del suelo es importante determinar las concentraciones de fondo (o concentraciones de base geoquímica) que, según Kabata-Pendias & Pendias (1992) y Chen et al (1999) debe realizarse de acuerdo a las clases de suelo y propiedades.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Niveles de fondo geoquímico e influencia del marco geológico en las concentraciones edafogeoquímicas de base de suelos seleccionados de Castilla-La Mancha

Jiménez‐Ballesta¹,

Bueno²,

Rubí³

et al. 2010

Estud. geol.

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Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Niveles de fondo geoquímico e influencia del marco geológico en las concentraciones edafogeoquímicas de base de suelos seleccionados de Castilla-La Mancha

Jiménez‐Ballesta¹,

Bueno²,

Rubí³

et al. 2010

Estud. geol.

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“…Because it is virtually impossible to determine, it is usually replaced by the geochemical baseline, which is the average of superficial geochemical variations at the time of sampling. Geochemical baseline is obviously influenced by subsoil lithology and the presence of diffuse anthropic contamination [37][38][39]. Therefore, the measurements taken exclude areas directly exposed to contamination sources.…”

Section: Claim Of Soils Contaminated By Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Soil Quality in Areas Affected by Sulfide Mining. Application to Soils in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)

2011

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Abstract:The characterization, evaluation and remediation of polluted soils is one of the present environmental challenges to be addressed in the coming years. The origin of trace elements in soils can be either geogenic or anthropogenic, but only the latter is interesting from a legal point of view. The hazard of the pollutants in the soils not only depends on their total concentration, but particularly on their availability. The mobility of the trace elements depends on their speciation, and it is also affected by several soil parameters. Mining activity is one of the most important anthropogenic causes of soil pollution. As a case study, this work is focused in the Riotinto mining area (Iberian Pyrite Belt, IPB, SW Spain). The IPB is one of the most important metallogenic provinces in the world and it has been exploited for thousands of years. The disposal of mining residues has produced important sources of contamination by trace elements and acidic waters affecting soils and rivers. In addition to these problems, the closure of mines in the Pyrite Belt at the end of the 20th Century has led to a great loss of employment, which has caused the development of an intensive agriculture of citrus fruits as a new source of income. The intensive growing of citrus fruits and the traditional subsistence agriculture have been developed surrounding the mining areas and on floodplains near to mining sites. The level of soil pollution has not been taken into account in these cases, nor has its impact on the health of the inhabitants of these areas. Therefore, it is of great interest to study the current state of the cultivated soils and the sources and types of contaminants derived from mining activity in order to program its decontamination, where appropriate, according to legislation. In order to know the present and future hazard posed by the soils chemical and mineralogical speciation has been carried out, given that the availability of a metal depends on the phase OPEN ACCESSMinerals 2011, 1 74 in which it is found. The results showed that mining activity has caused high levels of As, Cu, Pb and Zn in several cultivated soils. Moreover, Cu, Pb and Zn showed a high bioavailability. This suggests that at least other studies are necessary to preserve health in the inhabitants of this area. The methodology carried out in this work allowed to select potentially polluted areas where agricultural activities are not recommended.

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“…For the IGCP project internationally agreed protocols and procedures for geochemical baseline mapping were developed. Salminen & Tarvainen (1997) attribute the official introduction of the term geochemical baseline to the IGCP 360 project. However, as discussed by Salminen & Gregorauskiene (2000), the term geochemical baseline was not well defined.…”

Section: Some Definition Of Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban geochemical mapping studies: how and why we do them

Johnson

Ander

2008

Environ Geochem Health

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Geochemical mapping is a technique rooted in mineral exploration but now has found worldwide application in studies of the urban environment. Such studies, involving multi-disciplinary teams including geochemists, have to present their results in a way that non-geochemists can comprehend. A legislatively driven demand for urban geochemical data in connection with the need to identify contaminated land and subsequent health risk assessments has given rise to a greater worldwide interest in the urban geochemical environment. The aims and objectives of some urban studies are reviewed and commonly used terms such as baseline and background are defined. Geochemists need to better consider what is meant by the term "urban". Whilst the unique make up of every city precludes a single recommended approach to a geochemical mapping strategy more should be done to standardise the sampling and analytical methods. How (from a strategic and presentational point of view) and why we do geochemical mapping studies is discussed.

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The problem of defining geochemical baselines. A case study of selected elements and geological materials in Finland

Cited by 192 publications

References 3 publications

Niveles de fondo geoquímico e influencia del marco geológico en las concentraciones edafogeoquímicas de base de suelos seleccionados de Castilla-La Mancha

Niveles de fondo geoquímico e influencia del marco geológico en las concentraciones edafogeoquímicas de base de suelos seleccionados de Castilla-La Mancha

Assessing Soil Quality in Areas Affected by Sulfide Mining. Application to Soils in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)

Urban geochemical mapping studies: how and why we do them

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