The Problem of Prosopagnosia

Beyn, E.S.; Knyazeva, G. R.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.25.2.154

Cited by 66 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Deficits associated with the recognition unit system are those normally attributed to disorders of face memory (Meadows, 1974) including cases similar to those reported by Hecaen and Angelergues (1962) which suggest that some patients could access only certain readily available recognition units. Deficits associated with the visual processes include difficulty in determining race (Cole and Perez-Cruet, 1964), sex (Beyn and Knyazeva, 1962) and age (Beyn and Knyazeva, 1962; Whitely and Warrington, 1977); that is, in the extraction of basic forms of information which are independent of whether or not the face is known. In addition, there is a deficit termed proso-affective agrosia which allows faces to be recognised but prevents identification of emotional expression (Kurucz, Feldmar and Werner, 1979; .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Asymmetries in Face Processing: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Perceptual Advantage

Hay

1981

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

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Investigation of lateral performance asymmetries in the early stages of face processing was conducted using a task which avoided the need either to memorise or to compare two faces. Subjects were merely required to decide whether or not a laterally presented stimulus constituted a face. Analysis of the latencies indicated a LVF advantage for this task which is interpreted, in conjunction with the evidence from patients suffering from prosopagnosia, as indicating a right hemisphere superiority in synthesizing facial percepts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Asymmetries in Face Processing: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Perceptual Advantage

Hay

1981

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

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“…from memory (47) and so did not fit our criteria. The etiology in the 11 patients with long-term visual memory loss is mixed with four closed-head injuries (26,37,41,43), three cerebrovascular accidents (35,36,44), one encephalitis (39), one encephalitis or cerebrovascular accident (40), one colloid cyst (38), and one cerebral atrophy aggravated by alcoholism (42). As would be expected from the presence of visual deficits, the damage in these 11 patients tended to include the occipital lobes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Of these 48 cases, 11 cases met our three criteria for long-term visual memory loss (Table 1; refs. 26,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In sorting the data, we used a conservative threshold and did not include cases classified as imagery loss based solely on the patient's introspective report.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A distinct amnesic presentation and etiology

Rubin

Greenberg

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

121

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We describe a form of amnesia, which we have called visual memory-deficit amnesia, that is caused by damage to areas of the visual system that store visual information. Because it is caused by a deficit in access to stored visual material and not by an impaired ability to encode or retrieve new material, it has the otherwise infrequent properties of a more severe retrograde than anterograde amnesia with no temporal gradient in the retrograde amnesia. Of the 11 cases of long-term visual memory loss found in the literature, all had amnesia extending beyond a loss of visual memory, often including a near total loss of pretraumatic episodic memory. Of the 6 cases in which both the severity of retrograde and anterograde amnesia and the temporal gradient of the retrograde amnesia were noted, 4 had a more severe retrograde amnesia with no temporal gradient and 2 had a less severe retrograde amnesia with a temporal gradient.

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“…and "Were wheelbarrows invented before 19207" In contrast to his ability to recall appearances, his ability to recall nonvisual information was normal for both living and nonliving things. Beyn and Knyazeva (1962) compared the visual recognition and visual imagery abilities of an agnosic patient on an itemby-item basis for a small set of items. They found a close association between the particular visual stimuli that could be recognized and imaged: The patient recognized 3 out of 16 items that he was unable to image (as assessed by drawings from memory) and 13 out of 16 objects that he could image.…”

Section: Functional Parallels Between Imagery and Perception After Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is visual imagery really visual? Overlooked evidence from neuropsychology.

Farah¹

1988

Psychological Review

421

205

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Does visual imagery engage some of the same representations used in visual perception? The evidence collected by cognitive psychologists in support of this claim has been challenged by three types of alternative explanation: Tacit knowledge, according to which subjects use nonvisual representations to simulate the use of visual representations during imagery tasks, guided by their tacit knowledge of their visual systems; experimenter expectancy, according to which the data implicating shared representations for imagery and perception is an artifact of experimenter expectancies; and nonvisual spatial representation, according to which imagery representations are partially similar to visual representations in the way they code spatial relations but are not visual representations. This article reviews previously overlooked neuropsychological evidence on the relation between imagery and perception, and discusses its relative immunity to the foregoing alternative explanations. This evidence includes electrophysiological and cerebral blood flow studies localizing brain activity during imagery to cortical visual areas, and parallels between the selective effects of brain damage on visual perception and imagery. Because these findings cannot be accounted for in the same way as traditional cognitive data using the alternative explanations listed earlier, they can play a decisive role in answering the title question.The question of whether visual imagery is really visual, that is, whether it involves some of the same representations of stimuli normally engaged by the perception of those stimuli, has been the subject of a long-standing debate in cognitive psychology. This article reviews a set of empirical findings from neuropsychology that are directly relevant to this debate. I will argue that this generally overlooked source of data can play an important role in determining the relation between imagery and perception, because it is immune to many of the criticisms and alternative explanations that have plagued the cognitive psychology approach to this topic.One side of the debate maintains that imaging consists of the top-down activation of perceptual representations, that is, representations that are also activated automatically by an external stimulus during perception.

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The Problem of Prosopagnosia

Cited by 66 publications

References 7 publications

Asymmetries in Face Processing: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Perceptual Advantage

Asymmetries in Face Processing: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Perceptual Advantage

Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A distinct amnesic presentation and etiology

Is visual imagery really visual? Overlooked evidence from neuropsychology.

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