“…Third is shaming (Cheung, 2014;Norlock, 2017), which at worst borders hate speech. This is less controversial as generally negatively construed as discipline-transformed-into-harm (Billingham and Parr, 2020;Fritz, 2021;Frye, 2021), but nonetheless attempting to shame people into conforming with norms remains a prominent activity. Shaming may be aimed at immigrants (Rohlfing and Sonnenberg, 2016), white supremacists (Milbrandt, 2020), people with criminal convictions (Dunsby and Howes, 2019), fat people (Ravary et al, 2019;Spratt, 2021), senders of "dick pics" (Paasonen and Sundén, 2021), sexually-active women (Jane, 2017;Van Royen et al, 2018), women who eat on public transport (Alberti, 2021), those who over-use water during droughts (Milbrandt, 2017), entitled white women ("Karens") (Negra and Leyda, 2021), welfare recipients (Brooker et al, 2015), those behind on school lunch money payments (Oravec, 2020), those who use their volunteering experiences to get dates (Laywine, 2021), and even doctors trying to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic (Dolezal et al, 2021).…”