The Problem of Wet Poultry House Litter: Influence of Total Dietary Protein and Soybean Meal Content on Water Intake and Urinary and Fecal Water Elimination in Growing Chickens

Wheeler, Robert S.; James, Edward Clark

doi:10.3382/ps.0290496

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…James and Wheeler (1949) likewise observed greater water intake and excreta moisture content with higher protein content of pullet diets. Glista and Scott (1949) and Wheeler and James (1950) both suggested that water intake and excreta moisture will increase with increased soybean meal content of the diet. The relationship of protein and water intake observed by James and Wheeler (1949) was most pronounced for diets of 15 vs. 20% crude protein; These specifications are commonly found in industry for late grower and early layer diets, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Dietary Calcium Levels near the Time of Sexual Maturity on Water Intake and Excreta Moisture Content

Leeson

Summers

1987

Poultry Science

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Three trials were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium on water balance of leghorn pullets. Trial 1 involved introduction of a 4% calcium layer diet at 112, 123, 134, or 144 days of age. Introducing the layer diet early had an early but transitory effect on water intake (P less than .05) and absolute quantity of excreta moisture, although the pattern of percentage excreta moisture was not clearly defined. In a second trial, birds were moved to laying cages at 105 days, with diet change from 1 to 4% calcium occurring at 112 or 142 days. When the layer diet was offered at 112 days, percentage excreta moisture was higher from 113 to 142 days, although no difference was seen after this time. In a final experiment, introduction of a 4% calcium layer diet at either 112 or 133 days of age resulted in higher percentage excreta moisture at four measurement periods to 245 days of age, although this effect was significant only at 147 days (P less than .05). These results suggest there is a transitory effect of dietary calcium on water intake and excreta moisture content. This affect may be of concern within controlled environment buildings and with certain manure-handling systems. In commercial situations, such dietary changes are often confounded with increased dietary protein concentration, another factor known to influence water balance in pullets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Dietary Calcium Levels near the Time of Sexual Maturity on Water Intake and Excreta Moisture Content

Leeson

Summers

1987

Poultry Science

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“…In addition to the obvious correlation between reduced feed intake or gain and reduced water consumption, earlier reports (Wheeler and James, 1950;Patrick and Ferrise, 1962) have directly related protein level in the diet with water consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Coccidiostats and Dietary Protein on Performance and Water Consumption in Broiler Chickens

et al. 1985

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Two, 7-week floor pen experiments were conducted consecutively with male broilers and then female broilers to determine the effects of feeding salinomycin (60 ppm), monensin (99 ppm), or lasalocid (125 ppm) at the following three levels of dietary protein: 1) that which meets National Research Council specifications (NRC, 1977), 2) that level deficient in sulfur amino acids (SAA), or 3) that deficient in protein. Group body weights, feed intake, and water consumption were noted at 28 and 49 days of age with feed efficiency and overall mortalities determined. Reducing SAA resulted in depressed (P less than .05) body weights at 7 weeks in both experiments, whereas deficient protein reduced (P less than .05) growth, feed efficiency, and water consumption. Generally, inclusion of coccidiostats in the diet did not significantly hinder growth or feed efficiency. Feeding of coccidiostats in combination with the low protein diet did not produce additional anorexigenic effects. Although a significant lasalocid SAA-sparing effect was not observed, diet X coccidiostat interactions (P less than .05) were apparent and attributable to an apparent "protein-sparing" effect upon body weight gain when salinomycin was fed in combination with the low protein diet. Lasalocid increased water consumption (P less than .05) relative to monensin in the female broilers.

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“…As already pointed out by Francesch and Brufau (2004), studies reporting such effects of proteins were conducted with varying levels of soya bean meal. In fact, several studies demonstrated that high levels of soya bean meal resulted in increased water losses (Wheeler and James, 1950) or high incidence of foot pad dermatitis (Jensen et al, 1970;Eichner et al, 2007), independently of the dietary level of proteins. According to the results of the current experiment, the effect of soya bean meal on water losses is probably the consequence of its high levels of WICW (Carré and Brillouet, 1986), fermentable sugars (Karr-Lilienthal et al, 2005) and potassium (Carré et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Carré

Lessire

Juin³

2013

Animal

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Thirty various pelleted diets were given to broilers (8/diet) for in vivo measurements of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) value and digestibilities of proteins, lipids, starch and sugars from day 27 to day 31, with ad libitum feeding and total collection of excreta. Water excretion was also measured. Amino acid formulation of diets was done on the basis of ratios to crude proteins. Mean in vivo apparent ME values corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) were always lower than the AMEn values calculated for adult cockerels using predicting equations from literature based on the chemical analyses of diets. The difference between mean in vivo AMEn values and these calculated AMEn values increased linearly with increasing amount of wheat in diets (P 5 0.0001). Mean digestibilities of proteins, lipids and starch were negatively related to wheat introduction (P 5 0.0001). The correlations between mean in vivo AMEn values and diet analytical parameters were the highest with fibre-related parameters, such as water-insoluble cell-walls (WICW) (r 5 20.91) or Real Applied Viscosity (RAV) (r 5 20.77). Thirteen multiple regression equations relating mean in vivo AMEn values to dietary analytical data were calculated, with R 2 values ranging from 0.859 to 0.966 (P 5 0.0001). The highest R 2 values were obtained when the RAV parameter was included in independent variables. The direct regression equations obtained with available components (proteins, lipids, starch, sucrose and oligosaccharides) and the indirect regression equations obtained with WICW and ash parameters showed similar R 2 values. Direct or indirect theoretical equations predicting AMEn values were established using the overall mean in vivo digestibility values. The principle of indirect equations was based on the assumption that WICW and ashes act as diluters. Addition of RAV or wheat content in variables improved the accuracy of theoretical equations. Efficiencies of theoretical equations for predicting AMEn values were almost the same as those of multiple regression equations. Water excretion was expressed either as the water content of excreta (EWC), the ratio of water excretion to feed intake (WIR) or the residual value from the regression equation relating water excretion to feed intake (RWE). The best regression predicting EWC was based on sucrose, fermentable sugars (lactose 1 oligosaccharides) and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. The best equations predicting WIR or RWE contained the sugar and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. Other variables appearing in these equations were AMEn or starch with negative coefficients, WICW, 'cell-wall-retained water', RAV or potassium with positive coefficients.

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The Problem of Wet Poultry House Litter: Influence of Total Dietary Protein and Soybean Meal Content on Water Intake and Urinary and Fecal Water Elimination in Growing Chickens

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of Dietary Calcium Levels near the Time of Sexual Maturity on Water Intake and Excreta Moisture Content

Effect of Dietary Calcium Levels near the Time of Sexual Maturity on Water Intake and Excreta Moisture Content

Effects of Coccidiostats and Dietary Protein on Performance and Water Consumption in Broiler Chickens

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

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