The process of asking questions

Taylor, Robert S.

doi:10.1002/asi.5090130405

Cited by 213 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

133

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Одна из точек зрения состоит в том, что термин «информационные потребности» был введен американским журналистом робертом с. тейлором в своей статье «Процесс задавать вопросы» [17]. Он анализировал информационные потребности в локальном информационном поле.…”

Section: информационная потребностьunclassified

Communication Closed Information Model

Deshko¹

2017

Educational resources and technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[6]. если социальные и экономические потрясения видят и ощу-щают большинство членов общества, то информационные изменения фиксируют, как правило, специ-алисты, причём только те, кто связан с анализом и обработкой информационных процессов. наиболее заметными этапами информатизации являются информационные революции.термин «информационная революция» имеет разные трактовки. В соответствии с [6] он описы-вает текущие экономические, социальные и технологические тенденции за пределами промышленной революции. британский ученый J.D. Bernal ввел в 1939 году термин «научно-техническая революция» в своей книге «социальная функция науки», чтобы описать новую роль, которую наука и технологии начинают играть в обществе. Он утверждал, что наука становится «производительной силой», исполь-зуя марксистскую теорию производительных сил [7]. дэниел белл [8] (1980) поставил под сомнение эту теорию (но не сам термин) и выступал за постиндустриальное общество, которое привело бы к сер-висной экономике, а не к социализму. ряд авторов, в том числе збигнев бжезинский представили свои точки зрения на «технотронное общество».В развитии человечества произошли четыре информационные революции [4; 9]. Однако инфор-мационным революциям предшествовали информационные эволюционные процессы, которые созда-вали предпосылки для качественных скачков. По существу, наряду с описательными информационны-ми моделями в процессе развития человечества применялись и применяются различные коммуникаци-онные модели, которые, хотя и неявно, влияют на развитие общества и технологического прогресса. В целом это можно констатировать как информационный подход в моделировании [10]. Однако в литера-туре информационные коммуникационные модели обходят вниманием и часто сводят только к сетевым коммуникационным моделям. По мнению автора, следует выделить класс коммуникационных инфор-мационных моделей, которые являются объектом исследования данной статьи. Материалы и методыВ качестве материалов использовались существующие наработки в области информационно-го моделирования и коммуникаций. В качестве методов использовался системный и качественный анализ.

show abstract

Section: информационная потребностьunclassified

Communication Closed Information Model

Deshko¹

2017

Educational resources and technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…So, in essence, IR starts with an information need. An information need [186] is born in the head of a person and can be unrecognized by the person as such. If this person would use an IR system to satisfy the information need, we would refer to this person as a user.…”

Section: Modern Information Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search Engines that Learn from Their Users

Schuth

2016

SIGIR Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than half the world's population uses web search engines, resulting in over half a billion queries every single day. For many people, web search engines such as Baidu, Bing, Google, and Yandex are among the first resources they go to when a question arises. Moreover, for many search engines have become the most trusted route to information, more so even than traditional media such as newspapers, news websites or news channels on television. What web search engines present people with greatly influences what they believe to be true and consequently it influences their thoughts, opinions, decisions, and the actions they take. With this in mind two things are important, from an information retrieval research perspective. First, it is important to understand how well search engines (rankers) perform and secondly this knowledge should be used to improve them. This thesis is about these two topics: evaluation of search engines and learning search engines. In the first part of this thesis we investigate how user interactions with search engines can be used to evaluate search engines. In particular, we introduce a new online evaluation paradigm called multileaving that extends upon interleaving. With multileaving, many rankers can be compared at once by combining document lists from these rankers into a single result list and attributing user interactions with this list to the rankers. Then we investigate the relation between A/B testing and interleaved comparison methods. Both studies lead to much higher sensitivity of the evaluation methods, meaning that fewer user interactions are required to arrive at reliable conclusions. This has the important implication that fewer users need to be exposed to the results from possibly inferior search engines. In the second part of this thesis we turn to online learning to rank. We learn from the evaluation methods introduced and extended upon in the first part. We learn the parameters of base rankers based on user interactions. Then we use the multileaving methods as feedback in our learning method, leading to much faster convergence than existing methods. Again, the important implication is that fewer users need to be exposed to possibly inferior search engines as they adapt more quickly to changes in user preferences. The last part of this thesis is of a different nature than the earlier two parts. As opposed to the earlier chapters, we no longer study algorithms. Progress in information retrieval research has always been driven by a combination of algorithms, shared resources, and evaluation. In the last part we focus on the latter two. We introduce a new shared resource and a new evaluation paradigm. Firstly, we propose Lerot. Lerot is an online evaluation framework that allows us to simulate users interacting with a search engine. Our implementation has been released as open source software and is currently being used by researchers around the world. Secondly we introduce OpenSearch, a new evaluation paradigm involving real users of real search engines. We describe an implementation of this paradigm that has already been widely adopted by the research community through challenges at CLEF and TREC.

show abstract

“…There is a long history of studies of what types of information needs people bring to libraries [9] [10] [11] [12]. Information science researches recognize that there are different levels of information needs like specified visceral, conscious, formalized, and compromised levels [13].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Interface Design Challenges for Digital Libraries

Sastry¹,

Manjunath²,

Reddy³

2011

IJCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Digital Libraries are evolving rapidly with the usage of Internet and WWW technologies. Since the digital libraries are running on the Internet and the users are from various psychological, educational and social backgrounds, the usage of digital libraries is varying from user to user which entail the need of best user interface. In order to design usable and useful interactive systems, designers need to ensure that good design features are incorporated into the systems, taking into consideration end-users' needs, experience and cultural backgrounds [1]. Hence, this paper presents the users' study in various aspects and identifies various challenges for designing the user interface system for university digital libraries for its effective implementation.

show abstract

The process of asking questions

Cited by 213 publications

References 4 publications

Communication Closed Information Model

Communication Closed Information Model

Search Engines that Learn from Their Users

User Interface Design Challenges for Digital Libraries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About