The process of front-to-side collision of motor vehicles in terms of energy balance

Gidlewski, Mirosław; Prochowski, Leon; Jemioł, Leszek; Żardecki, Dariusz

doi:10.1007/s11071-018-4688-x

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The procedure uses programs used in the reconstruction of road accidents and requires solving collision modelling problems. The crash modelling has been covered in other papers [19,20,21].…”

Section: Verification Of Collision By the Sdc Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision Model Simplifications in the Dynamic Analysis With the SDC Method

Aleksandrowicz

2020

Transport Problems

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The number of motor vehicles in the European Union (EU) is constantly increasing, which is causing an increase in the traffic volume. This, in turn, boosts the economic development of the EU member states. However, an increase in traffic volume leads to road collisions and accidents, which lead to high repair costs. Some accident victims report fake vehicle damage to extort money for repairs. There are criminal groups that stage accidents for this purpose; thus, these claims are very difficult to verify. Thus, it is not enough to verify the sustained damage only by comparing the geometric parameters of the impact traces. New, modern research methods with simulation programs need to be used in order to reconstruct the course of an accident. The SDC (Static Dynamic Characteristic method) provides the possibility of vehicle damage verification, according to this convention. However, simplified modelling with the use of simulation programs involves the necessity of identification of input parameters in order to reconstruct a collision and the vehicle's post-collision movement. If the input parameters are not correct, the simulation results will also be incorrect, which will have a direct impact on the parties involved in potential legal proceedings, both civil and criminal. This study deals with the identification of the impact parameters and sensitivity of the simulation results to input data. Impact verification with the SDC method shows both a knowledge enhancement and a practical value. They can be used by experts, expert witnesses, computer programmers, researchers and students.

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Section: Verification Of Collision By the Sdc Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision Model Simplifications in the Dynamic Analysis With the SDC Method

Aleksandrowicz

2020

Transport Problems

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“…1). Such tests (TZ1, TZ2) were carried out at the Łukasiewicz Research Network -Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT) in Warsaw [10]. The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 214 procedure significantly differs from the course of the conventional right-angle crash test [11].…”

Section: Crash Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curves characterizing the non-linear deformation were determined from results of crash tests with a frontal car impact against a rigid barrier (NHTSA, car A [17]) and with a front-to-side car collision (Ł-PIMOT, car B [10]), carried out with various speeds within a range of 40-55 km/h. Then, the curves characterizing the deformation, plotted for various impact speeds, were approximated by polynomial functions and the curves thus obtained were used in simulation tests of front-to-side car collision with car A speeds ranging from 40 to 65 km/h.…”

Section: Non-linear Characteristics Of the Deformation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a need arises to assess the quality of the data used for the modeling, taken out of necessity from various crash tests. Several stages of such an analysis have been described in publications [10,11]. Analyses of this kind are carried out with using appropriate analytical or simulation models derived from the theory of mechanics [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More and more often, they are supplemented with empirically determined vehicle deformation characteristics, parameters of the vehicles involved and dependencies between the empirically determined impacting vehicle's speed and the measured car body deformations [20,21]. In [10], the analysis of the course of the deformation process in the experimental tests was used to build the model of dynamics of the car collision, which was taken as a basis for determining the forces, displacement and velocities in the area of vehicle contact during the collision. The development of the modeling methods has revealed (see [1,22]) many difficult scientific problems, which are encountered even when the collisions are described and simulated with using relatively simple discrete systems, especially when not only impact phenomena but also processes of elastoplastic deformation with damping are taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics of the motorcar body side deformation process during front-to-side vehicle collision and the emergence of a hazard to car occupants

et al. 2021

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The kinematics of the process of deformation of the motorcar body side in the culminating phase of a front-to-side vehicle collision has been examined as a possible basis for analyzing and modeling the process of emergence of a hazard to car occupants during a road accident. The course of such accidents has a complex nature and their models are necessarily based on the approximation of non-linear elastoplastic characteristics of impact processes, especially during the transition from the compression phase to the restitution phase of the deformation process. For such characteristics to be obtained, a lot of experimental tests have to be carried out. This paper addresses the short-duration processes with a high degree of complexity.A front-to-side motorcar collision model has been prepared, which made it possible to analyze the process of deformation of the car body side and the emergence of a hazard and injuries to car occupants. The results of calculation of the deformation rate and range in various car body zones, velocity of the test dummy placed on driver’s seat and velocity of possible dummy’s impact against the car body side being deformed may be taken as a basis for designing effective occupant protection systems. The kinematics of the phase of vehicle contact and deformation process was modeled with taking into account results of experimental tests, including the curves characterizing the largely non-linear processes that are decisive for the deformation of the car body side. The deformation processes analyzed on these grounds showed at the same time the range of penetration of the deformed body part into the car interior, which causes a hazard to vehicle occupants. The calculation results have shown e.g. that the car body side is deformed to a depth of 0.2 m as quickly as within 0.02–0.03 s. At such a car body side deformation range, the car body part being deformed hits occupant’s body in his/her hips and pelvis area with a velocity of about 6 m/s.

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Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to-side vehicle collision

et al. 2022

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The effects of a road accident where one vehicle hits its front on the side of another one are explored. In such cases, the impacted vehicle’s side is usually significantly deformed, which causes a risk of serious injury to vehicle occupants. An analysis of the front-to-side collision covers many nonlinear and highly complex processes, especially when it is based on the collision energy balance. For the analysis, a model of a front-to-side motorcar collision and a dummy representing the impacted vehicle’s driver was prepared. The model simulations carried out were supplemented with important experimental test results. The model validation and the drawing of conclusions from research results were based on crash test results. The shares of major components in the front-to-side collision energy balance were determined. The impact energy has been proposed as an alternative predicate of the road accident effects; as a measure of the effects, the risk of injury to vehicle occupant’s head and torso is considered. The model simulations were found to be in good conformity with experimental test results. The research results enabled determining the relation between the side impact energy and the risk of dummy’s head and torso injuries according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. The relation obtained was approximated using the logit model. This relation helps to reconstruct road accidents and to improve the car side’s passive safety systems. A discussion of the results obtained has shown good consistence between the results of this work and other comparable research results.

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The process of front-to-side collision of motor vehicles in terms of energy balance

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Collision Model Simplifications in the Dynamic Analysis With the SDC Method

Collision Model Simplifications in the Dynamic Analysis With the SDC Method

Kinematics of the motorcar body side deformation process during front-to-side vehicle collision and the emergence of a hazard to car occupants

Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to-side vehicle collision

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