The processes that threaten Indonesian plants

Budiharta, Sugeng; Widyatmoko, Didik; Irawati,; Wiriadinata, Harry; Rugayah,; Partomihardjo, Tukirin; Ismail, Ismail; Uji, Tahan; Keim, Ary Prihardhyanto; Wilson, Kerrie A.

doi:10.1017/s0030605310001092

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Despite biodiversity has values important to human and environmental sustainability, the decline in biodiversity continues (Altieri 1999;Verburg et al 2015). The main causes of the loss of biological diversity include habitat loss or degradation, pollution, alien invasive species, overharvesting of biodiversity resources, climate change, and homogenization of species in agriculture (Hens and Boon 2005;Budiharta et al 2011;Verburg et al 2015). Nonetheless, the common factor of all these causes is that they are human-driven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Saroinsong

2020

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Saroinsong FB. 2020. Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: a case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1518-1526. Plants are one of the living elements of a landscape which have dynamic characteristics. In the green/vegetation concept, the diversity of plants becomes vital in landscape planning to articulate the ecological, socio-cultural, and economic aspects in effort to mitigate biodiversity loss. The aim of this study is to illustrate the application of the green concept when planning an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu region, North Sulawesi, Indonesia which demonstrates the function and utilization of plants in landscape management while paying attention to plant diversity. Data collection was conducted by field surveys, interviews, and literature studies. Data collected and analyzed included the existing conditions of site, site history, planning goal, topography, flora and fauna, climate, existing facilities and utilities, and area management. Based on its function, the green concept in landscape planning in Tampusu agro-tourism grouped plant diversity into four functions, namely production, ecological, architectural, and aesthetic functions. The ecological aspect of plant species selection (both existing species and added species) was based on the consideration of the plant's function in the landscape with special consideration of its contribution to plant diversity and conservation including those considered as endemic species. There are architectural function for examples Goodyera celebica, Racemobambos celebica, Ficus minahassae, Pterospermum celebicum, Diospyros celebica; ecological function for examples F. minahassae, Clerodendrum minahassae, Vatica celebica, Myristica minahassae, Diospyros minahassae, Korthalsia celebica, Licuala celebica, Aquilaria beccariana, Kibatalia wigmanii, Lithocarpus celebica; production function for examples Musa celebica, Musa acuminafe; aesthetic function for examples C. minahassae, Ixora celebica, D. celebica, R. celebica, Phalaenopsis celebensis. This study demonstrates that the application of the green concept in landscape planning can help to translate plant diversity and conservation into management actions, especially in agro-tourism landscape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Saroinsong

2020

Biodiversitas

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“…Threats can co-occur to impart even more vulnerability than threats operating alone (Burgman et al 2007;Budiharta et al 2011;Jennings & Rohr 2011). Associations between threats can also offer opportunities for efficiencies in conservation efforts if they emanate from the same activity (e.g., agriculture is associated with land conversion, pollution from pesticides, introduction of invasive species, and dams and waterway diversions).…”

Section: Threat Assessment For Critically Imperiled and Imperiled Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, <0.1% of associations between threats were significantly negative, a trend mirrored by continental U.S. taxa as a whole. The co-occurrence of threats suggests that conservation actions for crop wild relatives must mitigate multiple and sometimes interacting impacts (Burgman et al 2007;Budiharta et al 2011).…”

Section: Threat Assessment For Critically Imperiled and Imperiled Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Status and Threat Assessments for North American Crop Wild Relatives

Frances

Smith

Khoury

2018

North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 1

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Conservation status and threat assessments evaluate species' relative risks of extinction globally, regionally, nationally, or locally, and estimate the degree to which populations of species are already safeguarded in existing conservation systems, with the aim of exposing the critical gaps in current conservation. Results of the assessments can therefore aid in directing limited conservation resources to the species and populations that are most at-risk. This chapter introduces the roles of conservation status and threat assessments in informing conservation priorities for crop wild relatives in North America, and provides an overview of the current results for U.S. taxa. Methods to assess the conservation status and to perform threat assessments for North American crop wild relatives are well developed via NatureServe and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and the essential infrastructure to perform these analyses is present, at least in Canada and the U.S. Current conservation assessments for North American wild relatives need updating, but already reveal a landscape of multiple complex threats, and major gaps in the ex situ and in situ conservation of prioritized species. Further resources and concerted efforts are needed to update conservation assessments and then to use the results to inform efforts to fill the critical gaps in conservation.

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“…This does not necessarily mean banning the practices altogether, but rather the careful management of populations of interest through improved harvesting practices (for example, minimum allowable sizes) and regulated trade (Budiharta et al, 2011).…”

Section: Conservation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodhi et al (2004) reviewed key threats to biodiversity in Southeast Asia, including deforestation, forest fire, hunting for bushmeat, and wildlife trade. At a national scale, the major threatening processes for Indonesian flora are habitat loss caused by logging and infrastructure development, small population size, restricted range and overexploitation (Budiharta et al, 2011).…”

Section: Threats To Biodiversity In Kalimantanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration planning of degraded tropical forests for biodiversity and ecosystem services

Budiharta¹

Self Cite

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Forest restoration has the potential to mitigate the impact of deforestation and forest degradation.Various global policies have been sought to put restoration into the mainstream agenda including under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). The Aichi Target of the CBD set a target for at least 15% of degraded ecosystems to be restored by 2020 for key goals including biodiversity conservation, carbon enhancement and the provision of livelihoods. A theoretical framework to underpin decisionmaking for landscape-scale restoration has been slow to emerge, resulting in a limited contribution from science towards achieving such policy targets. My thesis develops decision frameworks to guide the restoration of degraded tropical forests to enhance biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services. In this thesis, three critical questions on how to make better decisions for landscape-scale restoration are addressed by: (a) considering landscape heterogeneity in terms of degradation condition, restoration action and cost, and temporally-explicit restoration benefits; (b) leveraging restoration within competing land uses using emerging policy for offsetting; and (c) enhancing feasibility by accounting for the social and political dimensions related to restoration.I use Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) as a case study area, as it represents a region that is globally important in terms of biodiversity and carbon storage. Kalimantan's forests also provide essential livelihoods for local people. Yet, rapid deforestation and forest degradation threaten the forests in this region. Chapter 2 verifies that forest loss and degradation is the most significant threat to biodiversity in Kalimantan, impacting more than 80% of threatened animal species and 60% of threatened plant species. The future of Kalimantan's wildlife depends on the survival of species in human-modified landscapes including in restored forest.Quantifying carbon benefit in a policy, such as forest restoration under the REDD+, requires a standardised tool, which has not been available for data-poor regions including Kalimantan. In Chapter 3, I examine a process-based model, called 3-PG (physiological principles for predicting growth), to estimate the above-ground biomass (AGB) content of the major forest types occurring on the island of Borneo. Using readily available climate and soil data, the results indicate the 3-PG model accurately predicts AGB compared with field-measured data, revealing the potential application of this model for carbon sequestration analyses. The datasets along with a set of parameters used in this chapter are employed in the subsequent chapters.Degraded tropical forests are characterised by a broad spectrum of forest condition states, mainly as a result of varying intensities of logging and fire. In Chapter 4, I develop a new framework to ii optimally allocate restoration investments to forests of varying condition, with two contrasting o...

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The processes that threaten Indonesian plants

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Conservation Status and Threat Assessments for North American Crop Wild Relatives

Restoration planning of degraded tropical forests for biodiversity and ecosystem services

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