The Production and Utilization of Winter Grass at Various Centres in England and Wales, 1954–60

Baker, H. Kendra; Chard, J. R. A.; Hughes, G. Pearson

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1961.tb00260.x

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The effect of the dead leaf content on IVDMD, as demonstrated in this study, has important implications. Where use has been made of the proportion of green or dead leaves in the sward to indicate relative quality of autumn-saved pastures such as in the U.K. (3,7,10), it has been assumed that pasture quality (percent green X green quality) + (percent dead X dead quality), and that the comparative quality of green and dead leaves would be different and would maintain this difference over time. The data from El support using the proportion of green or dead leaves as an indication of the quality of autumn-saved pastures because of the relative constancy of digestibility within each of the green and dead fractions over the sampling periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is apparent that the relatively high dead leaf contents in autumn-saved pastures is at least partially responsible for the lowered quality. In Britain where cloudy, rainy weather generally prevails during auttnnn, the proportion of dead leaves has been used as an estimate of autumn-saved pasture quality (3,7,10). However, chemical and in vitro analyses have generally been limited to the whole plant material (6,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹

Archer¹,

Decker

1977

Agronomy Journal

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The practice of accumulating late summer and fall forage growth for winter pastures is growing. As temperatures drop in the fall, and as growth rates decline, the percentage of dead leaf material increases. The effects of reduced growth rates, and increased leaf senescence, has a pronounced effect on the quality of accumulated forage. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between dead leaf content and whole plant digestibility of autumn‐saved forage. Field experiments were conducted during 1970–71 on a Beltsville silt loam soil (Typic Fragiudults) to determine the influence of N application and soil temperature on leaf deaths, fiber components, and quality parameters of autumn‐saved ‘Ky‐31’ tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and ‘Potomac’ orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Nitrogen was applied at either 0, 50 (1970 only), or 100 kg N/ha in late September. In 1971, soil temperatures were maintained at ambient and aproximately 12, 20, and 27 C during the autumn using specially designed field equipment. Forage samples were collected from randomly‐selected, previously unharvested areas. These were separated into green and dead leaf fractions and analyzed for fiber components and quality parameters. Neither forage species, N application, nor soil temperature greatly affected neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, or silica contents of autumn‐saved forages. However, there were trends for high fiber and lignin contents in plants grown on high soil temperature plots and for increased fiber content with time during autumn and early winter. Green leaves had lower levels of neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, and silica than dead leaves. During autumn and early winter, the proportion of dead leaves in the pastures increased from approximately 20 to 46% in both years; IVDMD of the green leaf fraction decreased slightly during this period from 89 to 85%. In the dead leaf component, IVDMD remained at approximately 67% in 1970 but increased from 60 to 75% in 1971. Relationships were developed for both years which showed that IVDMD of the pastures decreased by 3.38% (r = −0.8477, P 0.001) and 1.0% (r= −0.3147, P 0.05), respectively, for each increase of 10% in dead leaf content. The data indicate that caution should be exercised when using dead leaf percentages alone to predict forage quality of fall‐saved pasture; instability in the IVDMD of the dead leaves appears to be a major factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹

Archer¹,

Decker

1977

Agronomy Journal

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“…The concept of extending grazing into the winter is not new (Davies and Fagan, 1938; Hughes, 1954; Baker et al ., 1961a, Baker et al 1961b; Castle and Watson, 1961). However, the feeding value of autumn grass is not as high as that of spring grass, though differences in terms of animal production are not always large (Gordon, 1974; Marsh, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of rate and timing of application of fertilizer nitrogen in late summer on herbage mass and chemical composition of perennial ryegrass swards over the winter period in Northern Ireland

Binnie¹,

Mayne²,

Laidlaw³

2001

Grass and Forage Science

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A small‐plot experiment was carried out in Northern Ireland on a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward over the period July 1993 to March 1994 to investigate the effect of timing and rate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) application on herbage mass and its chemical composition over the winter period. Eighty treatment combinations, involving four N fertilizer application dates (28 July, 9 and 30 August and 20 September 1993), four rates of N fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1) and five harvest dates (1 October, 1 November, 1 December 1993, 1 February and 1 March 1994), were replicated three times in a randomized block design experiment. N application increased herbage mass at each of the harvest dates, but in general there was a decrease in response to N with increasing rate of N and delay in time of application. Mean responses to N applications were 13·0, 11·5 and 9·5 kg DM kg−1 N at 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1 respectively. Delaying N application, which also reduced the length of the period of growth, reduced the mean response to N fertilizer from 14·3 to 7·4 kg DM kg−1 N for N applied on 28 July and 20 September respectively. Increasing rate of N application increased the N concentration and reduced the dry‐matter (DM) content and water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of the herbage but had little effect on the acid‐detergent fibre (ADF) concentration. Delaying N application increased N concentration and reduced DM content of the herbage. The effect of date of N application on WSC concentration varied between harvests. A decrease in herbage mass occurred from November onwards which was associated with a decrease in the proportion of live leaf and stem material and an increase in the proportion of dead material in the sward. It is concluded that there is considerable potential to increase the herbage mass available for autumn/early winter grazing by applying up to 60 kg N ha−1 in early September.

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“…Autumn-saved pasture has been the subject of a number of studies (3,4,5,11) which have shown that it can make a valuable contribution to winter feeding of cattle. Hughes (11) showed that it was possible to carry store cattle right through winter with little supplementary feeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Winter Grass From a Row Crop of Cocksfoot and Lucerne

Cowling

1962

Grass and Forage Science

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A crop of cocksfoot and lucerne in alternate rows was subjected to various autumn treatments for winter pasture. The yield of grass in winter, and the effect of autumn and winter treatments upon yield and composition in the following spring, are reported and discussed. Maximum yield of winter grass was achieved by resting from an early date and applying nitrogenous fertilizer. The response to fertilizer applied in August and mid‐September for winter grass production was as good as that obtained on ordinary swards at other times of the year. To ensure an adequate yield in any year the crop would need to be rested from early August and to receive about 70 lb N per acre. The spring growth of cocksfoot was distinctly retarded by cutting twice in winter, i.e. in November and February. Cutting once only had no such adverse effect. Both cocksfoot and lucerne persisted satisfactorily. The use of nitrogenous fertilizer to promote autumn growth of grass did not greatly reduce the overall productivity of the lucerne. The two species were complementary in the sense that, in combination, they maintained a high aggregate yield of herbage under a range of weather conditions in midsummer and in winter.

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The Production and Utilization of Winter Grass at Various Centres in England and Wales, 1954–60

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹

Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹

The effects of rate and timing of application of fertilizer nitrogen in late summer on herbage mass and chemical composition of perennial ryegrass swards over the winter period in Northern Ireland

The Production of Winter Grass From a Row Crop of Cocksfoot and Lucerne

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The Production and Utilization of Winter Grass at Various Centres in England and Wales, 1954–60

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters1

Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters1

The effects of rate and timing of application of fertilizer nitrogen in late summer on herbage mass and chemical composition of perennial ryegrass swards over the winter period in Northern Ireland

The Production of Winter Grass From a Row Crop of Cocksfoot and Lucerne

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Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹

Autumn‐Accumulated Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass. II. Effects of Leaf Death on Fiber Components and Quality Parameters¹