The Production of Pyruvate in Biological Technology: A Critical Review

Abstract

Pyruvic acid has numerous applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The high costs of chemical synthesis have prevented the extensive use of pyruvate for many applications. Metabolic engineering and traditional strategies for mutation and selection have been applied to microorganisms to enhance their ability to produce pyruvate. In the past decades, different microbial strains were generated to enhance their pyruvate production capability. In addition to the development of genetic engineering and metabolic engineering in recent years, the metabolic transformation of wild-type yeast, E. coli, and so on to produce high-yielding pyruvate strains has become a hot spot. The strategy and the understanding of the central metabolism directly related to pyruvate production could provide valuable information for improvements in fermentation products. One of the goals of this review was to collect information regarding metabolically engineered strains and the microbial fermentation processes used to produce pyruvate in high yield and productivity.

Succession of microbiota and its influence on the dynamics of volatile compounds in the semi-artificial inoculation fermentation of mulberry wine

“…As the microbial community proliferates extensively, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids undergo enzymatic transformations mediated by microbial enzymes ( Carpena et al, 2021 ). These enzymatic processes, coupled with adsorption and flocculation phenomena occurring in the fermentation substrate, convert macromolecular organic substances into small-molecule organic compounds (e.g., lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid) and polymeric metabolites ( Yuan et al, 2022 ). Consequently, these metabolic products influence the surrounding oenological parameters.…”

Nutrición animal: Texto de formación universitaria

“…La tiamina es una vitamina que forma parte de las coenzimas del complejo piruvato deshidrogenasa (PDHc), responsasable de la descarboxilación oxidativa del piruvato a acetato con desprendimiento de hidrógeno (H) y dióxido de carbono (CO2). El PDHc es el complejo multienzimático clave que vincula la reacción de enlace entre la glicolisis y el ciclo de Krebs, conocida como la conversión de Swanson, mediante la conversión del piruvato en acetil-CoA, para su oxidación final, acelerando el metabolismo energético (Yuan et al, 2022).…”

Thiamine-Starved Lactococcus lactis for Producing Food-Grade Pyruvate

“…Genetic and metabolic engineering can be used to achieve pyruvate production by organisms like yeasts and Escherichia coli. 6 Currently, Candida glabrata remains to be one of the best producers of pyruvate. 7 This yeast, however, is an opportunistic pathogen and not compatible with food fermentations.…”

“…The biological production methods are proven to be cost-effective. Genetic and metabolic engineering can be used to achieve pyruvate production by organisms like yeasts and Escherichia coli . Currently, Candida glabrata remains to be one of the best producers of pyruvate .…”