An in situ method has been developed to produce a Ni alloy composite coating reinforced by in situ reacted and gradiently distributed TiC particles by one-step laser cladding. The dispersed, ultrafine TiC particles in the coating are observed. Most of TiC particles, evidently with a gradient distribution, are uniformly distributed within interdendritic regions due to the trapping effect of advanced solid-liquid interface. The TiC/␥-Ni interface is clean and free from deleterious surface reactions. The microhardness of the coating also has a gradient variation, with the highest value being 1250 Hv 0.2.Ceramic particle-incorporation to provide a metal matrix composite (MMC) coating by laser cladding is a newly developed technique, in which the alloy powders of a desirable composition and a thin surface layer of the substrate materials are simultaneously melted and then rapidly solidified to form a dense coating that is metallurgically bonded to the base material. Some ceramicalloy systems, such as SiC/Co-Cr-W, WC/Ni-Cr-Si-B, and TiC (TiN, TiB)/Ni-based alloys, synthesized on traditional substrate materials, have been studied.
1-3The aim of this communication is to synthesize an in situ TiC dispersoid in a Ni alloy coating. A new method of in situ formation of TiC with a gradient distribution by one-step laser cladding is proposed. TiC particles are introduced by an in situ reaction of titanium and graphite during a laser clad process, instead of TiC particles being directly added into the laser molten pool.A power mixture of Ni alloy, titanium (99.7% purity), and crystalline graphite (99.5% purity) is used as the coating alloy. The volume fraction of titanium-graphite powders is 30%. The titanium-carbon powder ratio corresponds to that of stoichiometric TiC. The average sizes of titanium and graphite powders are 2 and 4 m, respectively. The Ni alloy powder possesses an average size of 28 m, and its chemical composition (wt%) is 16 Cr, 3.5 B, 4.5 Si, 0.8 C, and the balance is nickel. The substrate material is 5 CrMnMo steel in a quenched and tempered condition.Laser cladding is carried out with a 3-kW continuous wave CO 2 laser to produce a series of single clad tracks without overlap. The processing parameters are 4-15 mm/s beam scanning speed, 3-mm beam diameter and 2-kW laser power. The mixed powders are painted on the substrate with a thickness of about 0.8 mm. Surface oxidation is prevented by argon.The morphology, microstructure, and interface structure are observed with a Neuphot21 optical microscope, a Hitachi S570 scanning electron microscope (SEM), a Philips CM12 transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a Hitachi 9000 high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). The volume fraction of TiC particles in the coating is measured by a computerized image analysis method. Microhardness measurements are obtained with a Vickers hardness tester using a 0.2-kg load. Figure 1 shows the optical micrograph of a cross section of the composite coating. The bond area between the clad coating and the substrate is an 8-m-...