The Profile of Parasuicide Repeaters in Kuwait

Abstract

A one-year cohort of 92 parasuicides was followed up at 6 monthly intervals for a period of 2 years since their index parasuicide to study the outcome and evaluate the level of social readjustment. One male patient died of suicide (1.1%) and 18 (19.6%) individuals repeated parasuicide using self-poisoning. The rate of repeated parasuicidal behaviour in this investigation was considerably higher than that reported in comparable studies from developing countries but similar to that from a number of western European cities. The data indicated that the probability of further episodes of parasuicidal behaviour increased in the few months after the index episode. Although the repeaters and non-repeaters were essentially similar in most of their sociodemographic characteristics, the former were a distinctive group in many respects. The factors found to be significantly associated with subsequent parasuicide included self-poisoning by prescribed drugs at the index parasuicide, previous parasuicidal behaviour prior to the index, occupational status of a housewife, past history of depression and/or dependence and precipitating life events in the family environment. Contrary to our hypothesized theory, none of the types of attitudes received by the patients from their family members at the index parasuicide related to outcome. The global level of social readjustment of non-repeaters was about three times higher than that of repeaters of parasuicide. The implications of these findings for future policy making were discussed with respect to prevention of parasuicide.

Risk Factors for Repetition of Self-Harm: A Systematic Review of Prospective Hospital-Based Studies

“…Current work or school problems had a medium-sized protective effect against repetition in four high-/medium quality studies with odds ratios from 0.52 to 0.74. Three lower quality studies [35]–[37] reported non-significant effects in both directions. Relationship problems had a moderate protective effect against repetition if the relationship in question was one with a partner (ORs: 0.53 to 0.64), friends (ORs: 0.66 to 0.90), or others (ORs: 0.64 to 0.90) but reporting problems with family relationships conferred a slightly increased risk of repetition (ORs: 1.02 to 2.91).…”

Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Risk Factors for Repetition of Attempted Suicide: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

“…Several authors, however, report that being unemployed is significantly associated with repetition (Dirks, 1998;Kreitman & Casey, 1988;Tejedor, Diaz, Castillon et al, 1999). Suleiman, Moussa, and El-Islam (1989) found that the occupational status of housewife was predictive for a subsequent suicide attempt. No specific studies, to our knowledge, focused on financial dependence and repetitive non-fatal suicide attempts.…”

Suicide and Islam

“…The modal patient was female, aged 16-25 years, with an adjustment disorder, and overdosing (most commonly with Paracetamol). Suleiman et al (1986Suleiman et al ( , 1989) also studied attempted suicides in Kuwait. The modal attempter was female, under the age of 30, using self-poisoning, reacting to family arguments, and a non-Kuwaiti Arab.…”