The Profitability and Risk of Long-Term Cropping Systems Featuring Different Rotations and Nitrogen Rates

Stanger, Trenton F.; Lauer, Joseph G.; Chavas, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.2134/agrojnl2006.0322

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Peterson et al (1999) found that 3-and 4-yr diverse wheat-based rotations (wheat-corn or sorghum-fallow, wheat-corn-millet-fallow, and wheatsorghum-sorghum-fallow) increased annual grain production by 74% and annual net income by 25 to 40% compared with the 2-yr wheat-fallow rotation. Similar evidence of greater profits, reduced inputs, increased yields, and improved sustainability exists for extended rotation systems (4 or 5 yr) compared with short rotation cycles (3 or 2 yr) in the Great Plains and other locations (Davis et al 2012;Haag et al, 2003;Stanger et al, 2008). However, profitability, yield, water use, weed control, and environment of rotations are dependent on the crops involved and not only on the number of years in the rotation cycles.…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For example, 2 yr of wheat followed by Sc and fallow (W-WSc-F) or wheat followed by 2 yr of Sc and fallow (W-Sc-Sc-F) were common in Kansas aft er the popular W-Sc-F rotation (Assefa et al, 2014). Th e positive impact of a more intense crop rotation on weed seedbank reduction, reduction in N fertilizer requirement, sustainable yield increase, and profi tability has been reported (Coulter et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2012;Stanger et al, 2008;Teasdale et al, 2004). However, a long-term study on the Abbreviations: F, fallow; HI, harvest index; Sc, warm-season crop; UAN, urea ammonium nitrate; WEY, wheat equivalent yield; WSSF, wheat-sorghum-sorghum-fallow; Wssf, wheat in wheat-sorghumsorghum-fallow that comes aft er fallow; WW, continuous annual wheat; wsSf, sorghum aft er sorghum in wheat-sorghum-sorghumfallow; wSsf, sorghum that comes aft er wheat in wheat-sorghumsorghum-fallow; WWSF, wheat-wheat-sorghum-fallow; Wwsf, wheat in wheat-wheat-sorghum-fallow that comes aft er fallow; wWsf, wheat that comes aft er wheat in wheat-wheat-sorghum-fallow; wwSf, sorghum that comes aft er wheat in wheat-wheat-sorghum-fallow.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

et al. 2017

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Diverse crop rotations sustain crop productivity by increasing crop water productivity and improving soil structure. Th e objective of this study was to compare two 4-yr winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) rotations in terms of grain yield, available soil water, and water productivity along with continuous winter wheat. A fi eld study was conducted from 1996 through 2015 on a deep silt loam soil near Tribune, KS. Th e study consisted of three crop rotations: continuous annual wheat (WW), wheat-wheat-sorghumfallow (WWSF), and wheat-sorghum-sorghum-fallow (WSSF). Grain yield, biomass, water productivity, and soil water were all greater for sorghum aft er wheat compared with sorghum aft er sorghum. Similarly, grain yield, biomass, water productivity, and soil water were all greater for wheat aft er fallow compared with wheat aft er wheat. Th e yield of the second wheat crop was 80% of the fi rst wheat crop in WWSF, whereas the yield of a second sorghum was only 63% of the fi rst sorghum crop in WSSF. Th e average crop water productivity (7 kg ha -1 mm -1 ) of the WSSF rotation was greater than the other rotations. On average, the WSSF system produced 2.05 Mg ha -1 yr -1 wheat equivalent yield (WEY), which was similar to the 1.96 Mg ha -1 yr -1 WEY from the WWSF rotation and greater than WW, which produced 1.53 Mg ha -1 yr -1 of wheat grain. A WSF rotation would have produced 2.0 Mg ha -1 yr -1 WEY, so the 4-yr rotations were not more productive than a 3-yr WSF rotation.

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Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

et al. 2017

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“…6 was used to calculate the proportion of on-farm U.S. yield gain that can be attributed to the increasing proportion of maize grown in a 2-yr M-S rotation. Based on total maize and soybean harvested area data reported for the three major maize producer states (Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois), it can be inferred that the proportion of maize grown in a 2-yr M-S rotation has increased 1% per year, from approximately 50% (early 1970s) to 80% (mid-2000s) (USDA-NASS, 1970-2008. During the same time period, the annual maize yield gain calculated for the three major maize producing states in the U.S. Corn Belt was remarkably linear at 114 kg ha -1 yr -1 .…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variation In Rotation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation Impact on On‐Farm Yield and Input‐Use Efficiency in High‐Yield Irrigated Maize–Soybean Systems

et al. 2016

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Cereal yields tend to be higher in cereal–legume rotations relative to cereal monoculture yields. We investigated the influence of crop rotation on yield and input‐use efficiency in high‐yield irrigated maize (Zea mays L.)‐based cropping systems using producer‐reported data from western U.S. Corn Belt (about 11,000 observations). Across regions, average yield of maize grown after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (S–M) was 0.2 to 0.6 Mg ha−1 (2–5%) higher, relative to yield of maize grown after maize (M–M). Soybean yield was 5% greater after two consecutive maize crops (M–M–S) than after only 1 yr of maize (S–M–S). Nitrogen fertilizer rate in maize fields was 13 kg N ha−1 (6%) lower in S–M than M–M fields, which, together with higher maize yields in S–M fields, resulted in 11% higher nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN). Difference in PFPN was unrelated with residual soil N–NO3− from prior crop. Analysis of rotation data indicated that rotation effect persists across a wide range of maize yields, from 6 to 15 Mg ha−1, though magnitude of rotation effect decreases with increasing yield level. Trends toward greater proportion of total maize area in S–M, rather than M–M, accounts for 8% of maize yield gain in U.S. Corn Belt since 1970. Similarity between our findings and previous research highlights the opportunity to quantify impact of management on yield and efficiencies by using producer data as a complement to high‐cost multi‐year, multi‐site field experiments.Core Ideas We assessed rotation effect on on‐farm yield and input‐use efficiency. Analysis was based on a large producer‐reported database collected from high‐yield irrigated maize–soybean systems. There was a consistent positive rotation effect on yield and partial factor productivity for N fertilizer. Number of previous maize crops did not affect maize yield in monoculture but soybean yields were higher following multiple maize crops. Increasing maize area in rotation relative to monoculture accounts for 8% of the maize yield gain in the U.S. Corn Belt since 1970.

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“…Practically, longterm experiments enable observations on changes in crop growth patterns and management effects on slow-moving factors such soil organic matter, which cannot be done in any other way (Jenkinson 1991;Mitchell et al 1991). They are important for designing cropping systems with high and stable crop yields and low production risk (Raun et al 1993;Stanger et al 2008). We analysed maize grain yield data from rain-fed long-term studies on tillage and residue management from semi-arid to sub-humid environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions

Rusinamhodzi

Corbeels²,

Wijk

et al. 2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

394

260

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Conservation agriculture involves reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and crop rotations to enhance soil fertility and to supply food from a dwindling land resource. Recently, conservation agriculture has been promoted in Southern Africa, mainly for maize-based farming systems. However, maize yields under rain-fed conditions are often variable. There is therefore a need to identify factors that influence crop yield under conservation agriculture and rain-fed conditions. Here, we studied maize grain yield data from experiments lasting 5 years and more under rain-fed conditions. We assessed the effect of long-term tillage and residue retention on maize grain yield under contrasting soil textures, nitrogen input and climate. Yield variability was measured by stability analysis. Our results show an increase in maize yield over time with conservation agriculture practices that include rotation and high input use in low rainfall areas. But we observed no difference in system stability under those conditions. We observed a strong relationship between maize grain yield and annual rainfall. Our meta-analysis gave the following findings: (1) 92% of the data show that mulch cover in high rainfall areas leads to lower yields due to waterlogging; (2) 85% of data show that soil texture is important in the temporal development of conservation agriculture effects, improved yields are likely on well-drained soils; (3) 73% of the data show that conservation agriculture practices require high inputs especially N for improved yield; (4) 63% of data show that increased yields are obtained with rotation but calculations often do not include the variations in rainfall within and between seasons; (5) 56% of the data show that reduced tillage with no mulch cover leads to lower yields in semi-arid areas; and (6) when adequate fertiliser is available, rainfall is the most important determinant of yield in southern Africa. It is clear from our results that conservation agriculture needs to be targeted and adapted to specific biophysical conditions for improved impact.

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The Profitability and Risk of Long-Term Cropping Systems Featuring Different Rotations and Nitrogen Rates

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

Rotation Impact on On‐Farm Yield and Input‐Use Efficiency in High‐Yield Irrigated Maize–Soybean Systems

A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions

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