The prognosis and long-term course of viral encephalitis

Berlit, Peter

doi:10.1016/0165-5728(88)90142-7

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As for the prognosis of the present patients, eight (57%) recovered without neurological sequelae, while it is noteworthy that each of these showed a steady recovery course that was comparable to that observed in the seven control patients with aseptic viral meningitis. The present 57% rate of full recovery was better than that of an earlier report (approximately 50%) [5] and slightly lower than in another recent report (62.5%) [6]. Together, these results suggest that at least one-third of patients with acute encephalitis will remain with restricted activities of daily living in this era of new antiviral drugs [26].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Therefore, anti-inflammatory therapy might be chosen as a treatment option in a portion of patients with acute encephalitis, in whom unfavorable inflammatory reactions are in progress in the brain. Inasmuch as the prognosis of acute encephalitis is not predictable on the basis of neurological, computed tomography [6], or EEG [5] findings, laboratory measures that are able to reflect the intensity of inflammation occurring in the CNS would be helpful. In this regard, the present study results demonstrated that a reduction in the percentage of CSF CD4 + CD25 + cells during the course of illness was associated with a favorable outcome in acute encephalitis as well as aseptic viral meningitis, while a posttreatment decrease in CSF CD4 + CD29 + cells may signal an early recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite undergoing such treatments, a substantial number of patients die or become afflicted with residual neurological impairment [5,6]. In addition, for the majority of patients with acute encephalitis caused by other or undetermined viruses, conservative treatment is the only choice often in conjunction with the empirical use of acyclovir [2,6] or immunoglobulins [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central nervous system immunity associated with clinical outcome in acute encephalitis

Matsui

Tanaka

Nagumo

et al. 2004

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central nervous system immunity associated with clinical outcome in acute encephalitis

Matsui

Tanaka

Nagumo

et al. 2004

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…Patients who survive encephalitis cognitive deficits represent the main cause of lasting morbidity [16][17][18]. There are very few data about the cognitive outcome after acute encephalitis in general and using ERP to analyze this topic in particular [15].…”

Section: In This Study Auditory Erps In 47 Patients Have Been Analyzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment After Acute Encephalitis: An ERP Study

Hahn¹,

Schildmann²,

Baumeister³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Cognitive deficits are often observed during the acute stage of encephalitis. It is presumed, that they persist and influence the long-term outcome, but data are very limited. Forty-seven patients with a definite or highly probable diagnosis of acute encephalitis were identified through retrospective analysis and prospectively followed up 6-84 months after the acute illness. P3 was carried out by oddball auditory paradigm, and P3 latency was measured as a marker of cognitive impairment. Healthy people, who matched the patients in age, were used as controls (n = 39). Statistical group analysis revealed no significant difference of the P3 latency between the patient and the control group. However a subgroup analysis showed significant longer P3 latencies in patients with a more unfavorable functional outcome at the time of follow-up. Patients with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis had also more often abnormal P3 values compared to other etiologic subgroups, potentially indicating a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable cognitive outcome in this subgroup.

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“…In patients with viral encephalitis and identification of the causative organisms, combined treatment with acyclovir and IVIGs was most effective [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare indications of IVIG therapy in neurological diseases based on case reports and small studies

Tumani

2006

J Neurol

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IVIG treatment has been tried in several neurological diseases with presumed immunopathogenesis. Many of the rare neurological diseases seem to benefit from IVIG treatment; however, negative results have been rarely published. Despite the majority of positive results, a general use of IVIG cannot be recommended for these diseases. Beside the lack of controlled studies and the small numbers of reported cases, a publication bias has to be considered since negative study results are usually not reported. Therefore, at this stage treatment with IVIG should be used in conjunction with controlled therapy trials.

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The prognosis and long-term course of viral encephalitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Central nervous system immunity associated with clinical outcome in acute encephalitis

Central nervous system immunity associated with clinical outcome in acute encephalitis

Cognitive Impairment After Acute Encephalitis: An ERP Study

Rare indications of IVIG therapy in neurological diseases based on case reports and small studies

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