The prognostic importance of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels compared to trauma scoring systems for early mortality in children with blunt trauma

Öztürk, Hayrettin; Yağmur, Yusuf; Öztürk, Hülya

doi:10.1007/s00383-007-2083-7

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The significantly higher TNF-α levels in patients with MODS in comparison to patients without MODS shown in the present study is consistent with the results of previous studies [18][19][20]. MIF levels in patients with MODS were significantly higher than those in patients without MODS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Imbalance Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Cortisol Induces Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Blunt Trauma

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT-Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Our purposes were to determine the serum MIF, cortisol and tumor narcosis factor-α (TNF-α) and to investigate the influences of the balance between the levels of MIF and cortisol in patients with blunt trauma. The cortisol levels were identical between the patients with and without MODS. However, the MIF and TNF-α levels in the patients with MODS were statistically higher than those of the patients without MODS. The cortisol/MIF ratios in the patients with MODS were statistically higher than those of the patients without MODS. The results show that MIF and TNF-α play an important role together in post-traumatic inflammatory response. An excessive serum MIF elevation overrides the anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol and leads to persistent SIRS followed by MODS in blunt trauma patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Imbalance Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Cortisol Induces Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Blunt Trauma

et al. 2010

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“…In a study evaluating clinical outcome in children following blunt trauma, serum IL-8 level at admission was identified as a most important determinant of postinjury mortality [15]. The increases in IL-8 in our study were short-lived at 6 hour after surgery and reflect that IL-8 is a chemokine that attracts polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells and macrophages into the wound site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Activation of Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Musculoskeletal Trauma

Reikerås

Borgen

2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundTraumatic injury induces changes in mediators of inflammation and coagulation, but the pivotal roles of inflammation and coagulation has not been precisely clarified. Therefore we have studied markers of inflammation and coagulation after a standardized musculoskeletal trauma like total hip replacement surgery.MethodsWe allocated 21 patients aged 50 to 84 years who underwent total hip replacement surgery. Releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and protrombin fragment F1.2 and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) were examined during surgery and up 6 days postoperatively, and systemic releases were compared to pre-operative values. Surgery induced significant increments in serum levels of IL-6 at 6 hours and at 1 day after surgery and in levels of IL-8 at 6 hours after surgery. There were no significant changes in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-10. There were significant increments in blood levels of F1.2 and PAP up to 6 days postoperatively with highest levels at 6 hours after surgery. There were only week correlations between IL-6 and IL-8 and F1.2 and PAP.ConclusionMajor musculoskeletal surgery causes changes of the inflammatory, coagulatory and fibrinolytic cascades in stable patients, but with no correlations between inflammation and coagulation and fibrinolysis.

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“…IL-6 has also been shown to be a reliable marker of the magnitude of systemic inflammation 13. In a study evaluating clinical outcome in children following blunt trauma, serum IL-8 level at admission was identified as the most important determinant of postinjury mortality 18. Another clinical investigation found that patients who died of sepsis had significantly higher levels of IL-6 than did those who survived 16.…”

Section: Markers Of Immune Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathoanatomy and Clinical Correlates of the Immunoinflammatory Response Following Orthopaedic Trauma

Sears¹,

Stover²,

Callaci³

2009

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

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The natural inflammatory response to major trauma may be associated with the development of a systemic inflammatory state, remote multiorgan failure, and death. Although a controlled inflammatory response is beneficial, an exaggerated response can cause serious adverse systemic effects. Early identification of high-risk patients, based on inflammatory markers and genomic predisposition, should help direct intervention in terms of surgical stabilization and biologic response modification. Currently, two markers of immune reactivity, interleukin-6 and human leukocyte antigen-DR class II molecules, appear to have the most potential for regular use in predicting the clinical course and outcome in trauma patients; however, the ability to measure markers of inflammation is still limited at many hospitals. With improving technology and increasing research interest, understanding of the significance of the immunoinflammatory response system in injured patients will continue to evolve.Inflammation is not itself considered to be a disease but a salutary operation … but when it cannot accomplish that salutary purpose … it does mischief. John Hunter 1For decades, the inflammatory response has been recognized as a physiologic reaction to injury. This complex response arises from the interplay between various mediators produced at the site of injury, including cytokines, growth factors, nitric oxide, and platelet-activating factors, and the activation of local and systemic polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), lymphocytes, and macrophages. In the acute period following major trauma, this endogenous response system mobilizes to initiate healing and acts as a barrier to injury propagation. Cytokines operate as the main regulators of the postinjury immune response. These mediators, which are produced by diverse cell types, exert their effects by binding to specific cellular receptors, regulating gene transcription, and modifying intracellular signaling pathways 2 (Figure 1).Typically, the amplitude of the inflammatory response is related to the severity of injury. When injury is dramatic, the local inflammatory response may propagate systemically, resulting in serious systemic disease, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. 3 In addition to the initial injury, surgical reduction and fixation of fractures also stimulate the immunoinflammatory response. 4 This may result in a second-hit phenomenon, in which a

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The prognostic importance of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels compared to trauma scoring systems for early mortality in children with blunt trauma

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Imbalance Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Cortisol Induces Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Blunt Trauma

Imbalance Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Cortisol Induces Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Blunt Trauma

Activation of Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Musculoskeletal Trauma

Pathoanatomy and Clinical Correlates of the Immunoinflammatory Response Following Orthopaedic Trauma

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