The prognostic significance of postnatal growth in very low-birth weight infants

Hack, Maureen; Merkatz, Irwin R.; Gordon, Debra; Jones, Paul K.; Fanaroff, Avroy A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90117-x

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The methods of neonatal care have been previously described (14,15). The children were followed prospectively, and growth was measured at birth and then longitudinally at the expected term date of delivery (40 wk after the last menstrual period) and then at 8 mo, 20 mo, and 8 y of age corrected for preterm birth and at 20 y postnatal age.…”

Section: (Pediatr Res 58: 677-684 2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nephrogenesis occurs predominantly between 32 and 36 wk gestation and is completed 4 -6 wk before term gestation (61,62). Poor neonatal growth, which is prevalent among VLBW infants during the extrauterine preterm period, may have had detrimental effects on nephrogenesis (15). Kistner et al (41) reported a significantly higher BP in a small group of 15 young adult women who were born at Ͻ32 wk gestation but did not find differences in GFR, renal plasma flow, or urinary albumin excretion when they compared them with 18 term-born SGA and 17 NBW control subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Blood Pressure Among Very Low Birth Weight (<1.5 kg) Young Adults

et al. 2005

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Our objective was to compare the blood pressure of 20-y-old very low birth weight (VLBW; Ͻ1.5 kg) individuals with that of normal birth weight (NBW) control individuals. The population included 195 VLBW (92 female and 103 male) and 208 NBW (107 female and 101 male) individuals who were born between 1977 and 1979. Independent effects of birth weight status (VLBW versus NBW) and within the VLBW cohort of intrauterine growth (birth weight z score) were examined via multiple regression analyses. VLBW individuals had a higher mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) than NBW control individuals (114 Ϯ 11 versus 112 Ϯ 13 mm Hg). SBP for VLBW female infants was 110 Ϯ 9 versus NBW 107 Ϯ 12 and for VLBW male individuals was 118 Ϯ 11 versus NBW 117 Ϯ 11 mm Hg. After adjustment for gender, race, and maternal education, the difference in SBP between VLBW and NBW individuals was 1.9 mm Hg but was 3.5 mm after also adjustment for later size (20-y weight and height z scores), which reflects catch-up growth. For female individuals, the difference in SBP between VLBW and NBW individuals was significant both unadjusted and adjusted for later size, whereas for male individuals, the difference was significant only after adjustment for later size. Intrauterine growth did not have a significant effect on SBP within the VLBW group, even after adjustment for later size. VLBW individuals, specifically female individuals, have a higher SBP than NBW control individuals. This is not explained by intrauterine growth failure. Reports of the outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have until recently pertained mainly to neurodevelopmental sequelae (1-3). However, as the survivors of neonatal intensive care reach adulthood, there is increasing interest in sequelae that may present later in life (4,5). This interest is heightened by growing evidence that intrauterine and/or early childhood experiences may have long-term implications for adult health. Biologic markers that are considered to be predictors of long-term adult health outcomes include catch-up growth (6), blood pressure (BP) (7-9), and metabolic abnormalities (10).As part of a longitudinal study of the outcomes of VLBW (Ͻ1.5 kg) individuals, we recently reported on young adult health and educational outcomes, behavior, and growth attainment compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control individuals (4,6,11). The objective of the present study was to examine gender-specific BP and to identify perinatal, childhood, and young adult correlates of BP at age 20 y. We hypothesized that the VLBW group would have higher BP at age 20 y compared with the NBW control individuals. Because of our previous finding of greater catch-up growth among VLBW female individuals than among VLBW male individuals (6) and the reported association between catch-up growth and adult cardiovascular risk (12,13), we hypothesized that the difference in BP between the VLBW and NBW control individuals would be greater in the female individuals. We further hypothesized that within the VLBW group, BP at age 20 y wou...

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Section: (Pediatr Res 58: 677-684 2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Among Very Low Birth Weight (<1.5 kg) Young Adults

et al. 2005

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“…Long-term data show that the neonatal period is critical in terms of the effects of nutrition on later health and developmental outcomes. [9][10][11][12] The first year of life may provide an important opportunity for human somatic and brain growth to compensate for earlier deprivation. A key question is whether VLBW infants have special nutritional requirements in the postdischarge period and, in more biologic terms, whether this period of nutrition is also critical for later health and development, particularly since it is common for human milk fortifiers to be stopped and/or term infant formulae to be substituted at an arbitrary time point, at hospital discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postdischarge nutritional therapy

Adamkin

2006

J Perinatol

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Nutrient-enriched diets for preterm infants after hospital discharge (preterm formula or postdischarge formula (PDF)) results in improved growth and these differences appear to persist beyond the period of nutrient intervention. The PDF diet effect is greatest in males, possibly reflecting their higher growth rates. The critical growth epoch appears to be the first 2 months post-term, suggesting a finite period and therefore opportunity for enhanced growth. Whether the observed growth effects persist further or have consequences for other aspects of health or development requires further investigation.

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“…The objectives of the current study were: (1) to explore the performance of 3-yearolds born with a very low birth weight (VLBW), on a series of measures of specific cognitive processes essential for learning; and (2) to assess the relationship between the style of parental interaction with the VLBW subjects and their cognitive development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance of 3-year-olds born at very low birth weight

Klein

Raziel

Brish

et al. 1987

Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology

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This study attempted to identify the specific difficulties in cognitive performance of 3-year-old very low birth weight (VLBW) subjects and to examine the relationship between these difficulties and styles of parental interaction with these children. Three groups of subjects were compared: (1) VLBW, 42 infants born weighing less than 1.5 kg; (2) their siblings (n = 15); and (3) a normal control group (n = 40). All subjects were examined individually on a series of cognitive measures of language, memory, reasoning and visual-motor integration. The interaction between VLBW subjects and their parents was observed and analyzed using criteria of mediated learning experience (MLE). Findings suggest no significant differences between the VLBW subjects and the other groups on most measures used. VLBW subjects were, however, found to perform poorly, as compared to others, on a test requiring auditory sequential memory and on a measure of receptive vocabulary. Birth weight was not found to correlate significantly with any of the cognitive measures. Observations of MLE occurring during the interaction between the parents and their children were found to be significantly correlated with the cognitive performance of VLBW children.

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The prognostic significance of postnatal growth in very low-birth weight infants

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Blood Pressure Among Very Low Birth Weight (<1.5 kg) Young Adults

Blood Pressure Among Very Low Birth Weight (<1.5 kg) Young Adults

Postdischarge nutritional therapy

Cognitive performance of 3-year-olds born at very low birth weight

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