The progress of emotion regulation methods and paradigms: From voluntary emotion regulation to automatic emotion regulation

Gao, Wei; Chen, Shengdong; Long, Quanshan; Yang, Jiemin; Yuan, Jiajin

doi:10.1360/n972017-00727

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To further explore the relationship between arousal and the effect of facial attractiveness on time perception, Experiment 2 employed a sentence-unscrambling task that features suppression-related words to manipulate automatic expression suppression. Such manipulation was thought to be able to passively activate the goal of emotion suppression, thereby realizing the goal without the participant's awareness (Bargh and Chartrand, 2000;Bargh et al, 2001), and it is effective in reducing arousal and consuming little or no attentional resource (Gao et al, 2018). The results of arousal showed that the manipulation of suppression was effective in decreasing arousal, which was in line with previous studies (Mauss et al, 2007b;Chen et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

How Facial Attractiveness Affects Time Perception: Increased Arousal Results in Temporal Dilation of Attractive Faces

Zhou

Tian

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Time perception plays a fundamental role in people’s daily life activities, and it is modulated by changes in environmental contexts. Recent studies have observed that attractive faces generally result in temporal dilation and have proposed increased arousal to account for such dilation. However, there is no direct empirical result to evidence such an account. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to clarify the relationship between arousal and the temporal dilation effect of facial attractiveness by introducing a rating of arousal to test the effect of arousal on temporal dilation (Experiment 1) and by regulating arousal via automatic expression suppression to explore the association between arousal and temporal dilation (Experiment 2). As a result, Experiment 1 found that increased arousal mediated the temporal dilation effect of attractive faces; Experiment 2 showed that the downregulation of arousal attenuated the temporal dilation of attractive faces. These results highlighted the role of increased arousal, which is a dominating mechanism of the temporal dilation effect of attractive faces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

How Facial Attractiveness Affects Time Perception: Increased Arousal Results in Temporal Dilation of Attractive Faces

Zhou

Tian

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…Previous studies have suggested that deliberate suppression consumes considerable attentional resource (Yuan et al, 2015b;Cai et al, 2016a,b). Individuals with psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety) usually experience a shortage of attentional resource as a result of regularly engaging in effortful and controlled processes based on deliberate suppression (Gao et al, 2018). This deficiency presumably explains the failure of deliberate suppression in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Suppression Reduces Anxiety-Related Overestimation of Time Perception

Yuan

Tian

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Anxiety has been found to lengthen time perception, especially the time perception of negative stimuli. This anxiety-related time overestimation is thought to be mainly associated with massively increased arousal. Suppression, which can be achieved either deliberately or automatically, has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing arousal. Consequently, the present study explored the effectiveness of both deliberate suppression (Experiment 1) and automatic suppression (Experiment 2) in reducing the time distortion in anxiety. A temporal bisection task (TBT), featuring negative and neutral pictures, was used to measure time perception, while the self-reported arousal was used to assess arousal. The deliberate suppression was manipulated by asking participants to suppress their emotional expressions; while automatic suppression was manipulated through a sentence-unscrambling task featuring suppression-related words, which can unconsciously prime suppression. The results of Experiment 1 showed that deliberate suppression did not reduce the anxiety-related time overestimation and arousal. However, Experiment 2 showed that automatic suppression significantly reduced the anxiety-related time overestimation, with significant arousal reduction being observed. In conclusion, automatic suppression, but not deliberate suppression, is effective for reducing the effect of anxiety on time perception.

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“…With the exception of two fMRI investigations (Heissler et al, ; Kanske et al, ), all studies relied exclusively on self‐report accounts of effect and regulatory attempts. While this allows for assessment of perceived experiences, findings rely on the assumption that participants can recognize and articulate these processes (while emotion regulation can be automatic; e.g., Gao, Chen, Long, Yang, & Yuan, ). However, deficits inability to identify and label emotions are common across a range of psychological disorders, including bipolar disorder (Flynn & Rudolph, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion regulation strategies in mania risk: A systematic review

2019

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Objectives Difficulties in emotion regulation may contribute to the development of mania. This review aimed to assess how emotion regulation strategies reported by individuals at risk of mania compare with clinical and nonclinical controls. Methods Search terms relating to mania risk and emotion regulation were entered into three databases. Sixteen studies were included. Results Mania risk was typically associated with overall endorsement of emotion regulation strategies, particularly dampening, and positive and negative rumination. Conclusions Findings were limited by overall lack of evidence for individual strategies, lack of consideration of key mediating factors and reliance upon self‐report designs.

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The progress of emotion regulation methods and paradigms: From voluntary emotion regulation to automatic emotion regulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

How Facial Attractiveness Affects Time Perception: Increased Arousal Results in Temporal Dilation of Attractive Faces

How Facial Attractiveness Affects Time Perception: Increased Arousal Results in Temporal Dilation of Attractive Faces

Automatic Suppression Reduces Anxiety-Related Overestimation of Time Perception

Emotion regulation strategies in mania risk: A systematic review

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