“…Students are motivated to think and express themselves, resulting in good learning and creative thinking skills, in line with previous studies (Meadow et al, 1959;Rawlinson, 2017;Seechaliao, 2017) that, problem-solving uses the imagination to find a solution by brainstorming within a group where every idea is presented without criticizing and judging whether the idea is good or bad, but showing a variety of ideas to make it possible to choose an effective solution to the problem. In addition, the learning process is stimulated by gamification (Marasco et al, 2015;Wanglang & Chatwattana, 2023) and cartoon animation (Kim et al, 2013), that create a positive classroom environment, which can be considered as an important factor for students' creative problem-solving skills.…”